.^'\^^«rT ■%•#> >vW^?*^i^ ^ixjrf-^ -Sf^il "t^^ * - . ^ / ^J ^^ '■ ,♦. • .? w- ■ „. t.** A K ^■ M k tV fjd^iJ >■ .- ■'■■.Jt, r . •■i V ,^ 7'?A ll%.t ftbrarg of t^e glitseitm OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDCE, MASS. JFountie'D b)j prfbate subsctfpUon, in 1861. The gift of LOUIS AGASSIZ. No. ^/Jyc^r , JOURNAL THE PROCEEDINGS THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. ZOOLOGY. VOL. VI. ..V LONDON: SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE; ANU BY LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMANS AND ROBERTS, AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE. 18G2. PRINTED BV TAYLOR AND FRANCTR, RRP l,ION COURT. FLEET STREET. LIST OF PAPERS. Page Bates, II. "W ., Esq. Contributions to an Insect Faima of the Ajnazon ^'alley. — Lepi- doptera : — Heliconince 73 Busk, George, F.R.S., Sec. L.S. Observations on some Skulls from Ceylon, said to be those of Veddahs 166 CoBBOLD, T. Spencek, M.D., F.L.S. Histological Observations on the Eye of the Cod-tish (3Iorrhua ndgaris), with especial reference to the Clioroid Gland and the Cones of the Retina 145 Couch, Jonathan, F.L.S. Note on the Occurrence of the Crustacean Sci/Ilarus Arctm in England 78 Laughrin, William, A. L.S. Observations on the Choice of Food in the Cod and Ling 165 LiNCECUM, Gideon, M.D. Notice on the Habits of the " Agricidtural Ant " of Texas .... 29 Macdonald, John Denis, R.N., F.R.S. On a New Genus of Tunicata occurring on one of the Bellona Reefs 78 Newton, Alfred, M.A., F.L.S. On the Possibility of taking a Zoological Census 23 Reeve, Lo\'ell, F.L.S. On the Structure of the Mantle in TestaceUa 1.53 Salter. S. James A., M.B., F.L.S., F.G.S. On the Cranial Charactt-r.^ of the Snake-Rat, new to the British Fauna 66 IV Page bMiTH, Peedebick, Esq. Descriptions of some New Species of Ants from the Holy Laud, with a Synonymic List of others previously described 31 Catalogue of Plymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo 3G Stainton, H. T., F.L.S. On the Abnormal Habits of some Females of the Genus Orgyia . . 156 ViNEN, E. Hart, M.D., F.L.S. Description of a curious Form of Dipteroxis Larva 1 Walker, Francis, F.L.S. Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Gilolo. Ternate, and Ceram by Mr. A. R. Wallace, Avith Descriptions of New Species 4 Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descrip- tions of New Species 82, 171 West, Tuffen, F.L.S. On certain Appendages to the Feet of Insects subservient to Holding or Climbing 2G Index 199 JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON Description of a curious Form of Dipterous Larva. By E. Haet YiNEK, Esq., M.D., E.L.S. [Eead Feb. 21, 1861.] In the early part of the year 1855, while examining with the microscope some water taken from a pool near my house at Bays- water, I noticed some small animals moving about with an active wriggling motion, which, as I believe them to be peculiar, I ven- ture to introduce to the notice of the Society. They were very few in number, and I mounted some specimens in Canada balsam for future observation. My first casual examination gave me the idea that they were mere larval conditions of some insect ; a belief which was strength- ened by the most prominent feature of the animal — a beautiful tuft of hairs (possibly respiratory organs) at the tail — and under this impression they were put aside with some other objects, but in consequence of more pressing occupation were for a long time neglected. I have since consulted several entomologists, and finding their opinions to coincide with my own, I have thought it might be useful to give the following description : — Body composed of thirteen segments, the four anterior compara- tively short ; cephalic joint narrow, truncated in front ; eye-spots LINN. PEOC. — ZOOLOGY. 1 2 DE. E. H. VINEN ON A. CURIOUS FOBM double, placed near the lateral margins and below the anterior third of the segment. Caudal segment furnished with twelve spines or setae, eight long and four short ; the former being retro- verted and disposed in pairs, alternating with the latter, whicb are somewhat nearer the extremity. In addition to these characters, I may remark that the head appears to be supplied with a complicated buccal apparatus, but the preservative medium has rendered the parts so transparent that I refrain from hazarding a precise description of its several parts. Moreover, in different examples these appearances are dis- similar, whilst the cephalic segment itself is proportionally longer in some cases than in others. The eye-spots are always distinct, more or less elongated, each evidently consisting of two separate pigment-masses, the line of demarcation being clearly defined. In the specimen figured a on the slide, the eyes are much more elongated and more uniform in outline ; being, nevertheless, thicker behind than in front. Connected with the eyes and buccal appa- ratus there are two laterally disposed muscular masses, which almost fill up the longitudinal halves of the cephalic segment. The buccal cavity itself is tolerably well defined, being funnel- shaped and apparently closed behind. The oesophagus takes its origin at the upper and back part of the sac, immediately behind a peculiar form of dental apparatus which guards the pharyngeal opening. This structure forcibly reminds one of the gastric teeth found in decapodous Crustaceans, and appears to consist of a central and two lateral horny pieces, which, acting upon one another, serve to comminute the food only partially broken up by the buccal organs. The intestinal canal can be traced through- out the entire series of segments, and on either side of it runs a conspicuous vessel filled with highly coloured blood. I have not observed any trace of reproductive organs, a circumstance which alone renders it highly probable that we have to do with a larval insect. The last or thirteenth segment is considerably narrower than those of the body proper. The eight long spines are jointed at the base, where they are comparatively thick, becoming gradu- ally attenuated towards the tip ; the segment itself is also slightly increased in breadth at the lower end. The length of each spine is somewhat less than that of the caudal segment, and fully four times longer than those of the smaller series placed nearer to the end of the segment ; these latter project at a right angle from the tip, and do not appear capable of retroversion. OF DIPTEE0U8 LAEVA. 3 In the above description I have pxirposely refrained from enter- ing into very minute particulars, owing to the imperfection observable in my preserved specimens. I have ventured, however, to relate these few particulars, hoping at some future time to analyse more accurately fresh and Kving examples, should I have the good fortune to meet with them. I cannot conclude these remarks without expressing my thanks to my friend Dr. T. Spencer Cobbold for his excellent drawings, from which the accompanying figures have been copied. ^32. yS' DESCRIPTION OF CUT AS REDUCED. Fig. 1. Three larvae (a, h, c), of the natural size. Fig. 2. The specimen marked c, X 8 diameters. Fig. 3. Cephalic segment of the specimen (marked a) : a, buccal cavity ; h, oesophagus ; c, pharyngeal teeth ; d, eyes ; e, muscles of the mouth and pharynx ; /, muscles to the eyes ; g, integument showing a double con- tour, X about 70 diameters. Feb. 2l9t, 1861. 1* 4 MR. r. WALKEE ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Gilolo, Ternate, and Ceram, by Mr. E. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. By Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S. [Read Feb. 21, 1861.] GrlLOLO. Fam. TIPULID^, Haliday. Gen. LiMNOBiA, Meigen. The following species belongs to Meigen's Div. D. Bijptera, vol. i. p. 122, pi. 4. f. 15. 1. LiMNOBiA EUCHROMA. Fotm. Lsetc ochracea, antennis, abdominis fasciis quatuor pedibusque nigris, alls nigricantibus, halteribus apice nigris. Female. Bright ochraceous ; antenna; black, setaceous, submoniliform, minutely setose, a little longer than the head ; abdomen with four black bands, 2nd band much broader than the 1st and than the 3rd, the latter angular in front, 4th band much broader than the 2nd ; legs black, slender ; wings blackish ; veins and knobs of the halteres black. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines. Pam. STEATIOMID^, Saliday. Gen. Ptilocera, Wied. 2. Ptilocera 4-dentata, Fahr. See Vol. I. p. 7- Gen, Stratiomts, Qeoffr. 3. Stratiomys cinctilInea, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, capite anthracino nitente, peristomatis lateribus, antennis basi, scutelli dentibus duobus abdominisque margine flavescentibus, pedibus halteribusque flavis, alis subcinereis. Female. Black ; head coal-black, shining ; peristoma yellowish on each side ; antennae yellowish at the base, much shorter than the breadth of the head ; thorax with slightly gilded pubescence ; scutellum with two pale yellowish teeth ; abdomen with a narrower yellowish border ; legs and halteres yellow ; wings slightly cinereous ; veins black. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Gen. Clitellaria, Meigen. 4. Clitellaria bivittata, Fabr. See Vol. L p. 7. Gen. Sarqus, Fabr. 6. Sargus tarsalis. Walk. See Vol. V. p. 274. 6. Sargus tibialis, Walk. See Vol. V. p. 273. GILOLO, TEBNATE, AND CERAM. 5 Gen. Massictta, Walk. 7. Massicyta cerioides, Walk. See Vol. III. p. 79- Gen. SoLVA, Walk. 8. SoLVA HYBOTOiDES, n. s. Mus et Fcem. Nigra, antennis basi pal- lide flavis, thoracis lineis lateralibus scutello abdomine pedibusque luteis (mas) aut flavis (foem.), abdominis disco foem. nigro, tibiis posticis nigris, alis cinereis. Male and Female. Black; mouth and palpi pale yellow; antennae lanceolate, shorter than the breadth of the head, pale yellow at the base ; thorax with a humeral callus and an elevated line along each side and the scutellum luteous in the male, pale yellow in the female ; 'pubescence slightly gilded ; abdomen luteous, disk black in the female, with the exception of the hind borders of the segments ; legs luteous in the male, pale yellow in the female; hind femora incrassated; hind tibiae black, curved ; middle tibiae black in the middle ; wings cinereous ; veins black ; halteres pale. Length of the body 3-4 lines ; of the wings 6-8 lines. Fam. ASILID^, Leach. Subfam. Dastpogonites, Walk. Gen. Dastpogon, Fabr. 9. Dasypogon SOLUTUS, n. s. Mas. Niger, capite thoraceque auratis, antennis linearibus, thorace vittis quatuor pectoreque fasciis duabus nigris, abdomine rufo clavato apicem versus piceo fascia basali nigra, pedibus halteribusque rufis, alis cinereis apice nigricanti- cinereis. Male. Black ; head with pale gilded tomentum ; epistoma flat, with a few pale bristles ; eyes with very small facets. Antennae linear, nearly as long as the breadth of the head; thorax and pectus with pale gilded tomentum ; thorax with four black stripes, the lateral pair short, broad, obliquely intersected; pectus with two black bands; abdomen red, clavate, with a black band near the base, the four last segments with slightly piceous disks ; legs red, robust ; femora with a few stout black bristles ; tarsi black towards the tips ; wings cinereous, blackish cinereous towards the tips and along the adjoining part of the hind border; veins black, tawny at the base; halteres red. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 10. Dasypogon semifilatus, n. s. Fam. Niger, capite thoraceque auratis, tliorace vittis quatuor latis pectoreque fasciis duabus nigris, abdomine clavato fasciis tribus anticis fulvis, pedibus rufis, alis cine- reis, halteribus flavescentibus. MR. F. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT Female. Black ; head with gilded tomentum, cinereous behind ; epi- stoma flat, with two pale bristles ; palpi short ; antennae mutilated ; thorax and pectus with gilded tomentum, the former with four broad black stripes, the latter with two black bands ; abdomen clavate, about twice the length of the thorax, very slender towards the base, where it is dilated ; fore part with three tawny bands, 3rd band in- terrupted in the middle, dilated on each side; legs red, slender; tarsi black ; posterior femora and tibiae with a broad black middle band ; wings cinereous ; veins black ; halteres yellowish. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 1 lines. Subfam. Laphrites, Walk. Gen. Laphria, Fair. 11. Laphria tristis, Dol. See Vol. V. p. 146. 12. Laphria comes. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 86. 13. Laphria conveniens. Walk. See Vol. V. p. 278. 14. Laphria setipes, n. s. Mas. Cyanea, capita argenteo, anten- narum articulo 3° lineari, thoracis lateribus anticis pectoreque albo to- mentosis, abdomine purpureo longo, pedibus purpureis longissime setosis, femoribus posticis incrassatis, alis nigricantibus dimidio basali cinereo, halteribus albis. Male. Blue ; head silvery in front, thickly clothed beneath with white hairs ; mystax with a few black bristles ; third joint of the antennae linear, conical at the tip ; pectus and sides of the thorax in front with white tomentum ; abdomen purple, slender, linear, about twice the length of the thorax ; legs purple, thickly clothed to the tips of the tarsi with long black and white bristles ; femora much incrassated, partly blue ; wings blackish, cinereous for nearly half the length from the base; veins black ; halteres white. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 15. Laphria flagellata, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Nigra, capite aurato, antennarum articulo 3° lato fusiformi, pectore albo tomentoso, seg- mentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis lateralibus albis, pedibus purpureo variis, alis nigris basi cinereis. Mas. Abdomine pm'pureo. Male and Female. Blue ; head brightly gilded in front, clothed beneath with white hairs ; mystax with several black bristles ; antennae black, third joint broad, fusiform ; pectus with white tomentum ; abdomen with white tomentum on the hind borders of the segments; legs partly purple, thinly beset with black and white bristles; wings black, cinereous towards the base ; veins and halteres black. Male. Abdomen purple. Length of the body 4^-5 lines ; of the wings 8-9 lines. GILOLO, TEENATE, AND CEBAM. 7 Subfam. Asilites, Walk. Gen. Trtjpanea, Macq. 16. Trupanea gilolona, n. s. Mas et Foem. Nigra, capite subtus albo piloso, fronte subaurata, mystace e setis nigris albisque, thorace cinereo vittis quatuor nigris, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis ventreque cinereis, tibiis rufis apice nigris, alis cinereis strigis duabus subcostalibus sordide albidis, halteribus albidis. Male. Black ; head thickly clothed beneath with white hairs ; front slightly gilded ; epistoma prominent ; mystax composed of many black and of fewer white bristles ; third joint of the antennae fusiform, about one-third of the length of the second ; thorax cinereous, with four black stripes of the usual form ; pectus hoary ; abdomen slightly tapering from the base to the tip, about twice the length of the thorax ; hind borders of the segments and underside cinereous ; sexualia very small ; legs stout with a few black bristles ; tibiae dark red, black towards the tips ; wings dark cinereous ; subcostal and radial areolets with dingy whitish stripes ; veins black ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 1 1 lines. Female. Third joint of the antennae fusiform, about one-fourth of the length of the arista ; abdomen lanceolate, full twice the length of the thorax ; apical part stylate, shining. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. AsiLus, Linn. 17. Asilus involutus. Walk. See Vol. V. p. 281. 18. Asilus condecorus, n. s. Foem. Cyanescenti-niger, robustus, fronte aurata, mystace e setis plurimis nigris paucisque albis, thoracis suturis, lateribus, pectore et segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis canis, abdomine subplano uon acuto, pedibus robustis, alis cinereis apices versus nigricantibus. Female. Bluish black, stout, with black bristles ; head gilded in front, thickly clothed beneath with white hairs ; epistoma prominent ; mystax composed of numerous black bristles and of a few white bristles ; third joint of the antennae elongate-conical, not more than one-fourth of the length of the style ; pectus and sides, and sutures of the thorax with hoaiy tomentum ; abdomen somewhat flat, slightly de- creasing in breadth from the base to the tip, less than twice the length of the thorax ; hind borders of the segments hoaiy ; tip black, shining, not acute j legs stout, with slight white pubescence and with a few black bristles ; wings cinereous, blackish towards the tips and along the adjoining part of the hind border ; veins black ; forks of the cubital vein undulating ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines. Gen. Ommatius, linger. 19. Ommatius noctifer. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 88. MB. F. WALKER ON DTPTERA COLLECTED AT 20. Ommatius retrahens. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 88. 21. Ommatius PLATYMELAS, n. s. Fcem. Niger, latus, fronte aurata, thoracis lateribus subauratis, scutello cinereo, abdomine subplano, segmentorum marginibus posticis maculisque lateralibus trigonis cinereis, tibiis rufis apice nigris, alis nigris nigricante marginatis. Female. Black, broad, stout ; head clothed beneath with white hairs, gilded in front ; epistoma flat ; mystax extending to the base of the antennae, composed of black bristles and of a few inferior white bristles ; thorax slightly gilded on each side ; scutellum cinereous ; pectus hoary ; hind borders of the segments and underside with cine- reous tomentum, which forms triangular spots along each side ; legs very robust, with black bristles ; tibiae red, with black tips ; wings black, blackish towards the tips and along the hind border ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 11 lines. Fam. LEPTID^, Westw. G-en. Stjbagina, Walk. 22. SuRAGiNA siGNiPENNis, n. s. Fosm. Nigra, thorace vittis duabus lateribusque canis, abdomine cano lanceolato apicem versus com- presso, femoribus apice fulvis, tibiis rufescenti-piceis, ahs cinereis fasciis duabus maculaque interiore nigricantibus, gutta adhuc interiore nigra. Female. Black ; head with whitish tomentum behind and beneath ; thorax with two hoary stripes, which are dilated and united hindward ; sides and pectus also hoary ; abdomen hoary, lanceolate, compressed towards the obtuse tip, nearly twice the length of the thorax ; legs long, slender ; femora with tawny tips ; tibiae reddish piceous ; wings cinereous, with two blackish bands, which are united on the costa and are separated obliquely hindward, second band apical; a blackish elongated subcostal spot near the inner side of the first band, and a black discal dot still nearer the base ; halteres yellowish towards the base. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Fam. BOMBTLID^, Leach. Subfam. Thebetites, TValk. Gen. Thereva, Latr. 23. Thereva conscita, n. s. Mas. Nigra, argenteo tomentosa, thoracis disco nigro vittis duabus interlineatis canis, abdomine fasciis sex nigris, alis cinereis apices versus nigricante nebulosis. Male. Black, with silvery hoary tomentum ; head silvery white in front ; 3rd joint of the antennae lanceolate, nearly as long as the 1st and 2ud together ; arista extremely short ; disk of the thorax black, OILOLO, TEKNATE, AND CEEAM. 9 with two hoary interlined stripes; abdomen silvery white, nearly linear, with a short fringe along each side, and with six black bauds, 1st and 2ud bands broad, 3rd very broad, 4th and 5th very slender, 6th broad, apical ; femora and tibiai with silvery white tomentum ; wings cinereous, slightly and partly clouded with blackish towards the tips ; veins black ; halteres white. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. Subfam, Bombtlites, Walk. Gen. Antheax, Fabr. 24. Anthrax Pelops, Walk. See Vol. II. p. 90. Tarn. MUSCIDJE, Latr. Gen. Masiceea, Macq. 25. Masicera morio, Dol. See Vol. V. p. 154. Gen. EuETGASTEE, Macq. 26. Eurj'gaster ridibunda, fValk. See Vol. IV. p. 125. Subfam. Dexides, Walk. Gen. EuTiLiA, Desv. 27. Rutilia ixoides, Walk. See Vol. V. p. 289. 28. Rutilia FERVENSjVar., FFaZ^. See Vol. V. p. 288. Mas. Splendi- dissime cyaneo-viridis, capite plagis duabus anticis testaceis trigonis frontalibus, thoracis disco cupreo vittis quatuor nigris, abdomiue vitta, fasciis tribus guttisque duabus apicalibus nigris, pedibus nigris, alis luridis. Var. Male. Brilliant bluish green; head with a triangular testaceous patch on each side of the peristoma ; frontaha deep black, widening much in front ; antennae black ; arista pubescent ; thorax with a cupreous disk and with four black stripes, of which the middle pair are much abbreviated hindward; abdomen with a black stripe and with three black bands, 1st band basal, 2nd and 3rd convex on each side in front, a black apical dot on each side; legs black; wings lurid ; prajbrachial vein forming a rounded, slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by half its length from the border, and by more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. 29. Rutilia saiiuatissiin».. Walk. See Vol. V, p. 287. 30. Rutilia sapphirina, n. s. Mas. Obscure purpurascenti-cyanea. 10 ME. F. WALKER ON DTPTEBA. COLLECTED AT capite argenteo, frontalibus atris, thorace non vittato, abdomine nigro fasciis tribus interruptis splendidissime purpurascenti-cyaneis, tibiis posticis fimbriatis, alis cinereis basi nigris. Male. Dark purplish blue ; head vpith silvery white tomentum ; fron- talia deep black, widening in front ; antennae black ; arista hardly pubescent ; thorax not striped ; abdomen black, with three interrupted briUiant purplish-blue bands ; 2nd band narrower than the 1st and than the 3rd, excavated on each side of the hind border, 3rd band apical, very broad ; legs black ; hind tibiae fringed ; wings cinereous, black at the base ; prsebrachial vein forming a rounded, obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by little more than one- fourth of its length from the border, and by hardly more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial, which, like it, is very near the border. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 16 Unes. Gen. GrTMNOSTTLlA, Macq^. 31. Gymnostylia LUTEicoRNis, n. s. Foem. Nigra, cinereo-tomen- tosa, frontalibus atris perangustis, palpis testaceis, antennis luteis, thorace vittis quatuor nigris, abdomine fulvo fusiformi macula basali trigona, pedibus fulvis longiusculis, alis cinereis apud venas fuscescente subnebulosis. Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum; head with bristles along each side of the frontalia, which are deep black, linear and very narrow; palpi testaceous; antennae luteous, 3rd joint short; arista bare, slender ; thorax with four slender black stripes ; pectus hoary ; abdomen tawny, fusiform, a little longer and narrower than the thorax, with a black triangular spot at the base, and with black spines at the tip ; legs tawny, rather long and slender ; tibiae dai'ker than the femora ; tarsi black ; wings cinereous, very slightly brownish-clouded along the veins ; veins black, tawny at the base, praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, almost straight from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by a little less than its length from the border, and by a little more than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial ; alulae white. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Subfam. Sakcophagtdes, Walk. Gen. Sarcophaga, Meigen. 32. Sarcophaga mendax. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 132. Subfam. Muscides, Walk. Gen. MiiscA, lAwn. 33. Musca costalis, Walk. See Vol. V. p. 159. GILOLO, TEBNATE, AND CEBAM. 11 34. Musca promittens, Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 134. 35. Musca obtrusa. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 105. Subfam. Anthomtides, Walk. Gen. Atomogastee, Macq. 36. Atomogaster biseriata, n. s. Foem. Cana, capite albo, fron- talibus atris latiusculis, antennis nigris, thorace vittis tribus obscuri- oribus indistinctis, abdomine vitta nigricante maculisque sex quadratis nigris subtus testaceo, pedibus testaceis, alis cinereis. Female. Hoary ; head white ; frontalia deep black, linear, rather broad ; proboscis and palpi black, the latter slender, slightly curved ; antennae black, 3rd joint not reaching the epistoma; arista bare, stout at the base ; thorax with three slender, indistinct, darker stripes ; abdomen elongate-oval, testaceous beneath, with a blackish stripe, which is internipted on the hind border of each segment, and with three quadrate black spots on each side ; basal segment not spotted ; legs testaceous ; wings cinereous ; veins black, testaceous towards the base ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by about its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the prsebrachial trans- verse J alulae white. Length of the body 2f lines ; of the wings 4i lines. 37. Atomogaster TRiSERiATA,n. s. Foem. Schistacea, capite albo, frontalibus rufis, thorace vittis tribus obscurioribus indistinctis, abdo- mine maculis sex elongatis nigris, segmentis albo marginatis, femoribus apice tibiisque fulvis, alis cinereis. Female. Slate-colour ; head white ; frontalia red, linear ; thorax with three very indistinct darker stripes ; abdomen fusiform, a little longer than the thorax, with three elongated black spots on each of the three last segments ; hind borders of the segments white ; legs black ; tibiae and tips of the femora tawny ; wings cinereous ; veins black, tawny at the base ; discal transverse vein hardly bent inward, parted by hardly less than its length from the border, and by nearly twice its length from the praebrachial transverse ; alulae white. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Subfam. Helomtzides, FalUn. Gen. Helomyza, Fallen. 38. Helomyza interventa, n. s. Fcem. Testacea, crassa, capite, scutelli apice, abdomine femoribusque nigris, alis cinereis antice subluridis. Female. Testaceous, thick ; head black, bristly above, white in front ; antennae testaceous, 3rd joint short ; arista plumose ; scutellum black towards the tip ; abdomen black, elliptical, not longer than the thorax ; femora black ; wings cinereous, with a lurid tinge in front; 12 ME. F. WALKEn ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT veins black, testaceous at the base ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little more than half its length from the border, and by full twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines. Gen. Detomtza. 39. Dryomyza semicyanea. Walk. See Vol. III. p. 109, Gen. Sciomyza, FalUn. 40. Sciomyza? leucomelana. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 144. Subfam. Lauxanides, Walk. Gen. LoNCHiEA, FalUn. 41. Lonchaea? consentanea. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 146. Subfam. Ortalides, Holiday. Gen. Lampeogastee, Macq^. 42. Lamprogaster superna, n. s. Fcem. Testacea, capite supra nigro, oculis albo-marginatis, thoracis disco cyaneo, abdomine supra purpureo, alis cinereis basi et apud costam fulvis, striga transversa guttaque antica exteriore nigris, striga costali apicali nigricante. Female. Testaceous, shining ; head black above, white about the eyes ; mouth large ; antennae short, 3rd joint not more than half the length of the face ; arista bare, pubescent at the base ; scuteUum and disk of the scutum blue ; abdomen oval, purple above, a little shorter and broader than the thorax ; wings cmereous, tawny at the base and along the costa, a black streak extending from the costa along the praebrachial transverse to the prsebrachial vein ; a black exterior dot on the radial vein, and a blackish streak at the tip of the costa ; veins black, testa- ceous towards the base; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by hardly one-third of its length from the border, and by about its length from the prsebrachial transverse. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. Gen. Plattstoma, Lafr. 43. Platystoma potens, n. s. Mas et Fam. Cinerea, crassa, capite ochraceo, thorace vittis septem nigris, abdomine subtus testaceo, pedibus rufescentibus, tarsis nigris basi testaceis, tibiis anticis apice nigris, alis cinereis nigricante confertissime guttatis, halteribus tes- taceis. Male and Female. Cinereous, broad, thick ; head ochraceous, white about the eyes and behind ; face with a slender piceous stripe ; an- tennse ochraceous ; 3rd joint long, linear, about half the length of the GILOLO, TERNATE, AJS^D CEEAM. 13 face ; arista whitish, bare, ochraceous at the base ; thorax w ith seven slender blackish stripes ; scutellum large, prominent ; abdomen conical, testaceous beneath, much shorter than the thorax ; oviduct long, black, slender, stylate ; legs dull reddish ; tarsi black, testaceous at the base ; fore tibiae with black tips ; wings cinereous, with very numerous various-shaped blackish spots and dots which form irregular bands ; veins black, tavniy along the costa, where there is a short lurid streak in the middle ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the very oblique prsebrachial transverse vein ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. This species is closely allied to P. producta, but the subapical cine- reous band contains two dots. 44. Platystoma pectoralis, n. s. 3Ias. Cinerea, capite ochraceo, facie nigro biguttata, thorace vittis quinque nigricantibus, pectore vittis sex luteis, femoribus apice luteis, tibiis luteis apice nigris, tarsis basi pallide flavis, alis cinereis nigricante confertissime guttatis, halte- ribus pallide flavis. Male. Cinereous ; head ochraceous, white along the eyes ; a black dot on each side of the face ; antennae about half the length of the face ; arista black; thorax with five blackish stripes; pectus with three luteous stripes on each side ; abdomen conical, shorter than the thorax; femora with luteous tips; tibiae luteous, with black tips; tarsi pale yellow at the base ; wings cinereous, with very numerous various-sized, partly confluent, blackish dots ; veins black ; discal transverse vein curved outward, parted by much less than half its length from the border, and by more than its length from the oblique prsebrachial transverse vein ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 4| lines ; of the wings 9 lines. Gen. Dacus, Fabr. 45. Dacus strigifer, n.s. Cyaneo-niger, facie rufescentestrigata,ocuhs argenteo marginatis, palpis apice rufescentibus, antennis longis basi rufescentibus, arista alba pubescente, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, tarsis posterioribus femoribusque albis apice nigris, alis cinereis, costa striga basali fasciaque lata exteriore nigris. Bluish black ; head silvery, hoary behind and about the eyes ; face trian- gular, with a reddish streak which is abbreviated towards the peri- stoma ; palpi with reddish tips ; antennae black, reddish towards the base ; 3rd joint slender, very long, extending to the peristoma ; arista white, pubescent, bare towards the tip, much longer than the 3rd joint ; thorax with three cinereous stripes, which are vmited hind- ward ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen wanting ; legs black ; femora white, black towards the tips ; fore coxae white ; posterior tarsi white, with black tijjs ; wings limpid, black along the costa ; a black discal 14 ME. F. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT streak extending from the base to one-third of the length ; a black broad irregular oblique band beyond the middle ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by about its length from the very oblique praebrachial transverse vein, which equals it in length ; halteres white. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 46. Dacus furcifer, n. s. Mas. Anthracina, cinereo-tomentosa, antennis vix longis, arista pluraosa, thorace vittis tribus nigricantibus, pedibus longiusculis, alis cinereis nigro bifasciatis, fascia 2* latissima, linea costali exteriore apicem versus furcata, halteribus albis. Male. Coal-black, with cinereous tomentuni ; third joint of the antennae slightly tapering from the base to the tip, much shorter than the face ; arista plumose ; thorax with three blackish stripes ; abdomen linear, narrower and very much longer than the thorax ; legs rather long ; wings cinereous ; apical part of the costa with a black line, which emits a fork towards the tip ; a narrow black oblique band before the middle, and beyond the middle a very broad black band, which is oblique in the contrary direction ; veins black ; discal transverse vein very slightly curved outward, parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by less than its length from the straight, upright praebra- chial vein, which is not more than half its length ; halteres white. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 47. Dacus expertus, n. s. Fam. Cyaneus, palpis, antennis pedibus- que nigris, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, pedibus breviusculis, alis cinereis, costa exteriore apicibusque nigris, venis transversis nigro marginatis, halteribus testaceis. Female. Dark blue ; palpi, antennae, and legs black ; 3rd joint of the antennae linear, slender, extending to the peristoma ; thorax with three cinereous stripes ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen elongate-conical, a little longer and naiTower than the thorax ; legs short, stout ; wings cinereous, black along the exterior part of the costa and about the tips ; transverse veins clouded with black ; discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by about half its length from the border and by about its length from the praebrachial transverse vein, which is oblique ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 48. Dacus perplexus, n. s. FcEnn. Niger, capite luteo, facie nigro biguttata, antennis luteis longis, arista nigra nuda, thorace vittis tribus luteis, pectore maculis duabus trigonis luteis, abdomine fulvo lato striga brevi nigricante, pedibus luteis, alis limpidis, striga basali, vitta costali dentata vittaque postica angulata fuscis. Female. Black ; head pale luteous, with a piceous dot on the front, and with a round black dot on each side of the face ; 3rd joint of the antennae extending to the peristoma, very slightly tapering from the base to the tip ; arista black, bare ; thorax with a luteous stripe, with GILOLO, TERNATE, AND CEEAM. 16 two luteous humeral calli, and with two hindward lateral luteous streaks ; pectus with a large luteous triangular spot on each side ; abdomen tawny, elliptical, with a slight blackish stripe, which is much abbreviated in front, longer and much broader than the thorax ; ovi- duct long, slender, lanceolate; legs luteous; wings limpid, with a brown costal stripe which emits an angle in the middle, the angle parallel to an angular brown stripe on the hind border ; an oblique brown streak proceeding from the base, and a brownish dot near the tip hindward ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by a little more than one-fourth of its length from the border, and by a little more than its length from the straight, upright prsebrachial transverse vein ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. SoPHiEA, Walk. 49. SoPHiRA PUNCTiFERA, n. s. Foem. Testacea, antennarum ar- ticulo 3° brevi oblique truncato, arista nuda, thoracis abdominisque lateribus nigro punctatis, pedibus breviuscuhs, alis nigricantibus latius- culis albido conferte punctatis. Female. Testaceous ; antennae not nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint short, obliquely truncated at the tip ; arista bare ; thorax, pectus, and abdomen with black points along each side ; abdomen conical, not longer than the thorax ; oviduct short, lanceolate ; legs rather short and slender; wings blackish, rather broad, adorned with numerous transverse whitish points ; discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by about its length from the straight, upright praebrachial transverse vein. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines. Gen. Obtalis, FalUn. 50. Ortalis punctifascia, n. s. Fcem. Cyanea, capite nigro, oculis albo marginatis, antennis rufis, arista plumosa, pedibus nigris, tarsis albis, alis albis nigro quadrifasciatis, fascia 3* punctum album inclu- dente, 4* strigam costalem emittente. Female. Dark blue, shining; head black, white about the eyes; an- tennae dark red, very short ; 3rd joint conical, not much longer than the 2nd ; arista plumose ; abdomen very little longer than the thorax ; oviduct black, furrowed ; legs black ; tarsi white, with black tips ; wings white, with four black bands; 1st band basal; 3rd much broader than the others, including a white costal point; 4th emitting a black costal streak to the tip of the wing ; praebrachial vein forming an angle at its junction with the discal transverse vein ; the latter straight, parted by half its length from the border, and by much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse vein; halteres black. Length of the body 2| lines ; of the wings A\ lines. 51. Ortalis iEQUiFERA, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Cyanescenti-nigra, 16 MB. r. WALKER ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT capite antico rufo, oculis albo marginatis, antennis rufis, arista nuda, thorace vitta lata cinerea, abdomine basi fulvo, coxis femoribusque anticis fulvis, alls cinereis vitta fasciisque duabus exterioribus nigris. Male and Female. Bluisb black; head black, red in front, white about the eyes ; antennae red, not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint rather long, slightly tapering to the tip ; arista bare ; thorax with a broad cinereous stripe j pectus cinereous; abdomen linear, black, tawny towards the base, broadest in the female and with a prominent ovi- duct ; legs black ; fore coxa3 and fore femora tawny ; wings cinereous, with a black stripe extending from the base along the costa and thence descending to the middle of the disk ; two exterior black bands, which are united on the costa, the second apical; discal transverse vein straight, parted by one-third of its length from the border, and by more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 2i hues ; of the wings 4i lines. 52. Ortalis concisivitta, n. s. Mas. Rufa, oculis albo marginatis, scutello, metathorace, pectoris disco abdominisque apice cyaneis, alis nigricantibus, margine postico fascia apicibusque cinereis. Male. Red, shining ; head white about the eyes ; antennae nearly reach- ing the epistoma ; 3rd joint long, linear ; arista simple ; scutellum, metathorax, disk of the pectus and abdomen towards the tip blue ; abdomen conical, not longer than the thorax ; wings blackish, cine- reous along the hind border and towards the tips, which are blackish ; a cinereous band between the transverse veins ; veins black ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than one-fourth of its length from the border, and by hardly more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4^ lines. Gen. Tetpeta, Meigen. 63. Tbypeta retorta, n. s. Fcem. Picea, subtus testacea, capite, scutello abdominisque basi testaceis, pectoris disco piceo, femoribus anticis tibiis tarsisque testaceis, alis limpidis nigricante angulatim bivittatis. Female. Piceous setose, testaceous beneath ; head and antennae testa- ceous, the latter not reaching the epistoma, 3rd joint linear ; arista plumose ; scutellum testaceous ; disk of the pectus piceous ; abdomen ovate, testaceous towards the base, a little longer than the thorax ; terebra flat, conical ; tibiae, tarsi and fore femora testaceous ; wings limpid, with a blackish costal stripe, which is broadest at the base and concave towards the tip, and is nearly parallel to another blackish stripe ; the latter is also broadest at the base, and forms a right angle opposite the concavity of the fore stripe ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly straight, parted by one-third of its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. OTLOLO, TEENATE, AtTD CEK.nr. 17 Subfani. Skpstues, Walk. Gen. Calobata, Fabr. 54. Calobata impingcns. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. Ifil. f)5. Calobata GUTTicoLLis, n. s. Foem. Nigra, capite guttis duabus nigris, thorace antico guttis duabus lateralibus uigris, femoribus anticis apice tibiis(jue anticis nigvis, taisis anticis albis, femoribus posteriori- bus picco fasciatis, alis fuscescentibus cinereo trimaculatis. Female. Testaceous ; vertex with a black dot ; disk of the front black ^ thorax with a black dot on each side in front ; fore femora towards the tips and fore tibiae black ; fore tarsi white ; posterior femora with a piceous band near the tips, which ai'e also piceous ; wings brownish, > with three rather indistinct pale cinereous dots, of which the two exterior form an interrupted band ; veins with the usual structure. Length of the body 5-5| lines ; of the wings 8-9 lines. 56. Calobata diffundens, n. s. Foem. Subcinereo-nigra, capite chalybeo, oculis albo-marginatis, palpis antennis abdominisque apice rufescentibus, pedibus luteis, femoribus anticis dimidio apicali tibiis- que anticis nigris, tarsis anticis albis basi nigris, femoribus posteriori- bus subdilatatis nigro trifasciatis, tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis nigricante bifasciatis. Female. Black ; head clialybeous, white about the eyes ; mouth and palpi reddish ; thorax and abdomen with slight cinereous tomentum ; abdomen lanceolate, nearly twice the length of the thorax, with a reddish tip ; legs luteous ; fore femora for half the length from the tips and fore tibiae black ; fore tarsi white, black at the base ; posterior femora slightly dilated, with three black bands ; hind tibiae and hind tarsi black ; wings cinereous, with two blackish bands, the 2nd apical ; veins black, with the usual structure ; halteres white. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Subfam. Psilides, Walk. Gen. Angitula, Walk. 57. Angitula longicollis, JValk. See Vol. IIL p. 123. Gen. Nerius, Wied. 68. Nerius duplicatus, Wied. See Vol. III. p. 125. Fam. niPPOBOSCID.E, Leach. Gen. Oenithomyia, Leach. 5!>. Oruithomyia Batchianica, Walk. See Vol. V. p. .SOO. T E R N A T B . Fam. STRATIOMID^, Haliday. Gen. Ptilocera, Wied. 1. Ptilocera 4-dentata, Fabr. See Vol. I. p. 7- lilNN. PROC- — ZOOLOaY. * 2 18 MR. F. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT Fam. ASILID^, Lmch. Subfam. Laphrites, Walk. Gen. Laphria, Fair. 2. Laphria socia, Walk. See Vol. III. p. 84. Subfam. Asilites, Walk. Gen. AsiLTJS, Linn. 3. Asilus condecorus, Walk. See p. 7- Male 1 Abdomen witli a brownish tinge ; sexuaha very large. 4. Asilus normalis, n. s. Mas et Fam.. Cinereo-niger, capite sub- anrato, mystace e setis albis nigrisque, thorace vittis tril)us anticis cinereis, abdomine fasciis fulvis, femoribus apices versus tibiisque rufescentibus, his nigro strigatis, alis nigris basi cinereis, halteribiis sordide testaceis. Fa;m. Abdomine stylato. Male and Female. Cinereous black ; head slightly gilded, with hoary hairs beneath ; mystax with many white bristles and with a few higher black bristles ; pectus and three stripes on the fore part of the thorax cinereous ; abdomen with bands of tawny hairs and tomentum ; legs stout ; femora towards the tips and tibiae reddish, the latter streaked with black ; wings black, cinereous towards the base, the cinereous part extending in the disk beyond the middle ; veins black, reddish at the base; lower branch of the cubital vein undulating; halteres dingy testaceous. Male. Abdomen lanceolate ; sexualia small, elongate. Female. Abdomen elongate-conical, with narrower bands than those of the male ; the four apical segments forming a black, shining, slender style. Length of the body 7-8 lines; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. Ommatitjs, Illiger. 6. Ommatius retrahens, Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 88. Gen. Leptogaster, MeAgen. 6. Leptogaster exacta, n. s. Mas. Picea, capite pectoreque canis, antennis nigris basi luteis, thorace obscure rufo vittis tribus nigri- cantibus, pedibus pallide luteis, femoribus nigro bifasciatis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque nigris, alis subcinereis apice nigro marginatis, halteribus pallide flavescentibus. Male. Piceous ; head hoary behind and beneath ; antennae black, luteous at the base; thorax dark red, with three blackish stripes; sides and pectus hoary ; abdomen very slender ; legs pale luteous ; femora with two black bands, which are most distinct on the hind pair ; tarsi and hind tibiae towards the tips and knees black ; wings slightly cinereous, black-bordered at the tips ; veins black ; halteres pale yellowish. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. GILOLO, TEKNATE, AND CER.VAl. 19 Fam. SYEPHID.^, Leach. Grew. SrnPHUS, Fahr. 7- SjTpluis cricctoruni, Fahr. See Vol. III. p. \)7 . Fam. MUSCID^, Latr. Subfam. Tachinides, Walk. Gen. EuRTGASTER, Macq. 8. Eurygaster remittens, Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 125. Subfam. Dexides, Walk. Gen. Dexia, Meigen. \). Dexia PARALLELA, n. s. Mas. Nigra, angusta, cylindrica, palpis antennisque rufis, his apice piceis, arista plumosa, thorace vittis tribus albidis, abdomine chalybeo-nigro fasciis albidis atrisque, pedibus longis, alis vitreis vitta costali nigra. Male. Black, long, slender, cylindrical ; head white, with a black band on each side between the eye and the epistoma ; front prominent ; frontalia broad, deep black ; face slightly oblique ; antennae and palpi red ; the former piceous towards the tips, nearly reaching the epi- stoma ; 3rd joint linear, slender, rounded at the tip, about four times the length of the 2nd ; arista plumose ; thorax with three whitish stripes, the lateral pair broad, interrupted; pectus and postscutelhim whitish, the former with two black bands on each side ; abdomen chalybeous black, full twice the length of the thorax ; segments with whitish fore borders and deep-black hind borders ; legs long, slender ; wings vitreous, with a black costal stripe, which is interlined with cinereous ; veins pale except along the costa ; pra;brachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, slightly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by half its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial ; alulae large, white. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. Gen. RuTiLiA, Desv. 10. Rutilia atribasis, Walk. See Vol. V. p. 288. 11. RuTiLiA EXCELSA, n. s. Mas. Cyaneo-viridis, capita albo strigis duabus lateralibus anticis nigris, frontalibus atris, abdomine cupreo, basi vitta et scgnientorum marginibus posticis nigris, pedibus nigris, alis fuscescenti-cinereis basi fusco notatis. Male. Bluish green ; head white, with a black streak on each side, extending from the borders of the eyes to the epistoma ; frontalia deep black, very narrow on the vertex, widening much in front ; thorax 2* 20 MB, r. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT tinged here and there with cupreous ; abdomen cupreous, with the 1st segment and a slender stripe deep black; the following segments, which are black along their hind borders, bluish green ; legs black ; wings orownish cinereous, tinged with brown near the base ; prse- brachial vein forming a rounded right angle at its flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by less than one-third of its length fi'ora the border, and by very much more than its length from the flexure of the prae- brachial. Length of the body Ih lines; of the wings 17 lines. Subfam. Mitscides, Walk. Gren. MuscA, Linn. 12. Musca promittens. Walk. See Vol. IV. p. 134. Subfam. Ortalides, Halidm/. G-en. Plattstoma, Lafr. 13. Platystoma potens, Walk. See p. 12. C E B AM. Fam. STRATIOMIDJi:, Holidmf. Greii. Ptilocera, Wied. 1. Ptilocera 4-dentata, Fabr. See Vol. I. p. 7- Gen. Clttellaria, Meigen. 2. Clitellaria obesa. Walk. See Vol. V. p. 232. Fam. TABANID^, Leach. Gen. Tabantjs, Latr. 3. Tabanus serus, n. s. Fcem. Cinereus, capite subtus pectoreque albis, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thorace vittis duabus ferrugineis, callis humevalibus testaeeis, abdoraine pedibusque fulvis, alis cinereis apud costam fuscis. Female. Black, with cinereous tonientum ; head beneath and pectus white ; callus black, very slender, broader in front ; palpi cinereous ; antennae tawny with cinereous tomentum towards the base, 3rd joint slightly curved, black towards the tip, with a very small horn; thorax with two ferruginous tomentose stripes ; humeral calli testaceous ; abdomen tawny, elongate-conical ; legs tawny ; tarsi black ; wings cinereous, brown along the costa ; veins black, with the usual struc- ture, tawny at the base ; halteres pale. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. GILOLO, TEIINA.TE, AND C'EUAM. 21 Earn. ASILID^, Leach. Subfam. Laphuites, Walk. Geu. Lapheia, Fahr. 4. Laphiiti tnstis, Dot. See Vol. V. p. 146. .'3. Laphria Vulcanus, Wied. See Vol. I. p. 10. 6. Laphria ostensa, n. s. Mas. Nigra, aureo-pilosa, capite aurato, mystace nigro, thorace strigis quatuor lateralibus obliquis cinereis, abdoniine subaurato segmentorum marginibus subauratis apice nigro alis limpidis dimidio apicali nigro. Male. Black, wholly clothed with gilded hairs ; head brightly gilded in front ; raystax composed of some black bristles ; third joint of the antenna; elongate-fusiform ; thorax with two cinereous oblique streaks on each side ; abdomen with cinereous toraentum ; sides and hind borders of the segments slightly gilded; tip black, shining; legs thickly clothed with long gilded hairs ; wings limpid ; apical half black; haltcres pale yellowish. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 14 lines. Subfam. Asilttes, Walk. Gen. Ommatitjs, Tlliger. 7. Ommatius iNEXTRiCATus, n. s. Mas. Subaurato-cinereus, capite aurato, mystace e pilis aureis, antenuis nigris basi fulvis, thorace lineis cinereis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis flavescenti- auratis, sexualibus rufis, pedibus nigris robustis, tibiis fulvis, alis lurido- cinereis. Male. Black, with cinereous slightly gilded tomentum ; head gilded, with white hairs beneath ; mystax with gilded binstles ; antennjE black, tawny towards the base, 3rd joint elongate-conical ; thorax with slender cinereous stripes ; abdomen with a yellowish gilded band on the hind border of each segment ; sexualia deep red, shining ; legs very stout ; tibiae tawny ; wings lurid-cinereous, darker cinereous hindward and towards the tips ; veins red ; halteres dull reddish- Length of the body i> lines ; of the wings 1() lines. Gen. Leptogastee, Meigen. 8. Leptogaster magnicollis, n. s. Mas. Fulva, capite nigro antiee argentco, mystace albo, antennis fulvis basi apiceque nigris, thorace maculis duabus nigricantibus, abdomine tenui clavato aj)icem versus nigro, alis sublimpidis costa apiceque cinereis. Male. Bright tawny ; head black above, silvery white in front ; mystax with white bristles ; antenna; tawny, black towards the base and at the tips ; thorax with a blackish spot on each side in front ; j)ectus with pale gilded tomentum ; abdomen slender, clavate, full thrice the length of the thorax, black towards the tip ; tarsi much darker than 22 MB. r. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT GILOLO, ETC. the tibise ; wings nearly limpid, cinereous along the costa and towards the tips ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; halteres with piceous knobs. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Tarn. STEPHIDJE, Leach. Gen. EmsTALis, Latr. 9. Eristalis splendens. Leg. See Vol. III. p. 95. Fam. MUSCID^, Latr. Subfam. Sakcophagides, Walk. Gen. Saecophaga, Meigen. 10. Sarcophaga sericeo-nitens, Dol. See Vol. V. p. 158. Subfam. Muscides, Walk. Gen. Muse A, Linn. \ 1 . Musca costalis, Dol. See Vol. V. p. 159. Subfam. Oetalides, Holiday. Gen. OxTCEPHALA, Macq. 12. OxYCEPHALA ALiENATA, n. s. Mus. Rufescenti-fulva, capite nigro biguttato, metathorace pectoreque nigris, abdomine fusiformi basi supra nigro, femoribus basi nigro notatis, alis fuscis dimidio postico cinereo. Male. Reddish tawny ; head with a black dot in front of the base of the antennae ; face with two grooves ; antennae almost reaching the epistoma ; 2nd joint clavate ; 3rd linear, rounded at the tip, broader but not longer than the 2nd ; metathorax and pectus black ; abdomen fusiform, longer than the thorax, black above towards the base; legs robust ; femora marked with black at the base ; wings brown, hinder half cinereous ; veins tawny, discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by hardly half its length from the border and by much more than its length from the praebrachial transverse. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines. Gen. Dacus, Fabr. \'.i. Dacus absolutus, n. s. Fam. Cinereus, capite fulvo, facie nigro biguttata, autenu;s longis arista nuda, thoracis lateribus scutelloque fulvis, abdomine fasciis interruptis nigris, apice piano stylato-lanceo- lato, alis cinereis costa fuscescente. Female. Black, with hoary tomentum ; head tawny ; face oblique, with a black dot in the groove on each side ; antennae quite reaching the ejjistoma ; 3rd joint very long, conical at the tip ; arista bare ; sides of the thorax, humeral calli and scutellum tawny ; abdomen tawny, oval, with the exception of the four apical segments, which are shining and form a flat lanceolate style ; basal part with four interrupted black ON THE POSSIBILITY OF TAKING A ZOOLOGICAL CENSUS. 23 bands ; legs testaceous ; wings cinereous ; with a brownish tinge along the costa ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by one fourth of its length from the border and by about its length from the oblique prsc- brachial transverse vein ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body (J lines ; of the wings 9 lines. Geu. SoPHiBA, Walk. 14. SopHiBA BiPARS, u. s. Fam. Fulva, nitens, abdoraine nigro basi fulvo, alls nigris margine postico cinereo limpido-iuterlineato. Female. Tawny, shining, with a few black bristles ; head and pectus paler ; 3rd joint of the antennae linear, rounded at the tij), not reach- ing the epistoma ; arista simple ; abdomen oval, black except towards the base, shorter than the thorax ; wings black, with a cinereous partly limpid stripe on the hind border ; this stripe is interrupted by a black streak which extends along the discal transverse line ; a pale point on the middle of the costa ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by half its length from the border, and by about its length from the prtebrachial transverse, which is rather long. Length of the body 2i lines; of the wings 7 lines. On the Possibility of taking a Zoological Census. By Alered Newton, M.A., F.L.S. [Read March 21, 1861.] It is now nearly five years since my friend, the late Mr. John Wolley, to whose genius as a naturalist I am proud to own my many great obligations, suggested to me in a letter the possibility of taking a census of the birds of these islands. The period of numbering the human population of the British Empire, which is now so close at hand, makes me think the present time, when men's minds are turned to the subject, not inopportune to bring to the notice of this Society the advantages which might possibly accrue to Zoology by taking an approximate census, not only of our birds, but also of the other divisions of our fauna. I believe that naturalists will bear me out in the assertion that hitherto nothing of this kind has ever been attempted in any branch of the science, and also that (with perhaps very few, but highly laudable, exceptions) no writer has ventured to express in any convenient form the relative proportion which the number of individuals of one species bears to those of another. In almost all local faunas the abundance or scarcity of different species is expressed in very arbitrary, not to say vague, terms. We find nothing more definite than the words "common," "frequently met with," "rare" or "occasionally seen" appended to the names of animals in some 24 MB. ALFEED WEWTON ON THE POSSIBILITY OF even of the most carefully drawn-up lists. And yet, setting aside the immense difference there may exist between personal powers and opportunities of observation, to what two men Avill these phrases convey exactly the same meaning ? Now I confess I know not in what Avay such records caii be reduced, so to speak, to a common standard, save by expressing them in figui*es ; nor how they can be- come generally useful unless they are understood in one and the same sense. It is far from my wish to depreciate such observations, and I say this to guard against misapprehension. Nay, I say more, if they are not taken for more than they are worth, they are highly useful ; but onh/ as a hasis for future and jnore complete inquiries. In their present state, as it seems to me, there is no denying that they are imperfect. To take, for instance, an ex- ample from that branch of Zoology of which I am least ignorant. A Devonshire and a Durham ornithologist in a local list of birds would probably each return PJiyllopneitste trochilus and P. rtfa as "common." But were they to change places, the previous experience of each would, in a very short time, convince them that whereas, in the southern county, the latter species may double the former in numbers, in the northern the proportion might be ex- actly reversed. Now there are not very many people who have the chance of personally comparing for any sufficient time the pro- portionate numbers of the summer warblers on the banks of the Tamar and of the Tees. Besides, too, there is perhaps the natu- ralist resident perforce in Derbyshire who would fain institute a comparison between his own observations and those taken in Devonshire and Durham. The case becomes still more hopeless when we turn to foreign countries, and, referring to the duchy of Darmstadt or the province of Dauphiny, attempt to ascertain the relative abundance therein of the species I have named. Having thus briefly indicated the existing want of any such standard whereby local observations may be compared, I turn to the advantages which seem lilcely to follow the practical rendering of this suggestion. As chief among them (and the only one I will here adduce) I would place the light which might in consequence be thrown upon what we have lately heard so much of, the great question of the " struggle for life." It appears to me that before we can assign any cause for the predominance of any one species over another in any given district, the first thing to be ascertained is the measure of that predominance. This foimd, if the relative abundance of other species which influence its well- being — say, of insects or plants as aftbrding it food and harbour, TAKING A ZOOLOGICAL CENSUS. 'lo or ui" predatory aninuils as chcckiug its increase — we shall surely have acquired some valuable facts bearing upon its existence, and thus be enabled to judge with less chance of error respectiug its preservation as a " favoured race." I am well aware that, in urging these remarks, I am laying myself open to the charge of Utopian- ism — and justly so, were I for a moment to deceive myself or to attempt to deceive others with the hope that such observations as I am advocating could be satisfactorily made, except in very few instances. But with these very few instances I am prepared to be content, at all events as a first step ; for, if I mistake not, they would speedily be found of service, and the desire to extend them would as speedily grow. Now as to the method by which these suggestions may be put iu practice. It is plain that here lies the chief difficulty, and I only approacli it with great caution. It may be at first sight not unnaturally objected, that the difference between personal powers of observation, which I have before mentioned, and the existence of which no one can doubt, will be as insuperable when these ob- servations are represented iu niunbers as when they are expressed in words. I trust, however, that the Society will give me credit for asserting, on the strengtli of a somewhat protracted trial, that this objection is unfounded. I do not desire at present to go into particulars. I will merely state that I have found that, with com- paratively little trouble, a sufficiently accurate account of the ap- pearance, not only of every species of bird, but, with respect to many species, of every individual bird may be kept ; and I do not see any reason why the same principle should not be extended to other groups of the animal kingdom. Indeed, I think that zoolo- gists have only to apply themselves to the task, each in his own district, to accomplish what is wanted. So far the matter is easy ; and were it only required that the nimibers seen shoiild be i)olled, no particular obstacle presents itself. But the real hiudrance I find in what I may perhaps be allowed to call the " disturbing forces," which must be duly appreciated before the returns from different localities can be reduced to a common standard for comparison. Herein the zoologist must avail himself of the help of the geolo- gist and the botanist ; and therefore have I thought it expedient to introduce the subject of this paper to the Linnean Society, a body so fully competent to deal with the mixed questions which must arise from its consideration, and with which I freely acknow- ledge my utter inability to cope. But I may also add that it is my intention immediatel) to pui'sue the matter further as regards 26 MR. T. WEST ON APPENDAGES the branch of natural history to which I am most addicted, and, through a channel whereby I can address myself especially to my brother ornithologists *, to enter into details which I should not be warranted in inflicting upon this Society, from some of whose members, however, I trust to receive that support in investigating the generalities of the case which can alone secure to the project even the smallest degree of success. On certain Appendages to the Feet of Insects subservient to Holding or Climbing. By Tufeen "West, F.L.S. [Abstract of papers read March 21 and June 6, 1861.] The structures in the foot of the Fly having long occupied the author's attention, he was induced, by the fact of their minuteness and the difficulties attending satisfactory examination and reason- ing thereon, to search amougst insects generally for exainples of analogous structures on a larger scale. With this view many examinations were made of such insects as could be procured ; and whenever practicable, they were viewed in action in the live-box. The importance of this was virged as the only way to obtain correct ideas regarding structures which must be more or less soft in order to fulfil their intended purposes, and which, therefore, are generally found shrivelled and distorted in dried specimens The labours of other observers in the same field were first mentioned, from which it appears that the way in which some insects are enabled to suspend themselves or to Avalk freely against gravity had been ascribed to causes which might conveniently be classified as follows : — A. By the entire cushions (of flies) acting as suckers, B. lay the hairs with which the under surface of these cushions is furnished acting a. as minute hooks ; h. as suckers ; c. by adhesion through the emission of a viscid secretion from supposed glands in their expanded terminations ; d. as suckers, adhesion being assisted by tlie emission of a small quantity of fluid from such supposed glands. The author then gave the results of his own examinations, stating that similar structures to those on the feet of flies were present in many beetles, the largest being on the dilated anterior tarsi of the males amongst the Geodephagi or ground-beetles. * See 'The Ibis' for 1861, pp. 190-106. TO THE FEET OF INSECTS. 27 Tliosj proseuteJ by Pterostichus were theu somewhat miuutely described, as the largest the author had had the opportunity of obsei'viug whilst liviug aud iu action. They may be considered as composed of two portions : the first is an elastic membrane, perfectly smooth on the lower surface to admit of its exact adapta- tion ; the second, on which the former is borne, is a long stem or pedicle arising at an oblique angle from the tarsal joint, and bent suddenly downwards near its insertion into the membranous portion, by wliich the latter is rendered capable of being brought into contact through its whole extent with the siu'faces to which it is applied. In the beetle in question the membrane is reniform, with its long axis directed transversely. Amara was then noticed as possessing similar organs, with some of the Carahi ; it appeared that, as a general rule, their number was increased as their size diminished. The presence of scale-like hairs on the back of these membranous expansions in some cases was mentioned as affording a clue to the condition in Cardbus, where irregular elevated wrinkles simulate such corrugations as would be produced by the contraction of a membranous tube. The structure of these expanded membranous organs was shown to agree in every respect with that of true hairs — as being hollow for some distance, seated in a depression of the integument on a slight papilla, and shut off from the cavity of the joint by a delicate membrane, to which some fibi'es (including probably a nerve) could be traced. These statements were borne out by examinations of the parts in Carabus and Dyticus, whence the scarcely expected result was obtained that the " suckers " of the latter are themselves only hairs still more modified. Various forms of these spathulate hairs, and plans of their arrangement on the tarsi, were mentioned, with the diflferent insects on which the author had met with them. The strong resemblance in the structure of the bilobed Dipte- rous pulvillus to the almost equally cleft third joint in Curculio and Chrysomela, which are both furnished with these spathulate ap- pendages, led the author to throw out the suggestion that the former was, iu a homological sense, a modified joint. The principal diifi- culty in accepting such a view (namely, the position of the claws) was combated by showing that the latter are themselves only modified hairs, usually converted into hooks to serve a special purpose*. In * Since the above was written, the author has had the opportunity of examin- ing tlie feet of the Ephemera in the living flj, and has ascertahietl the curious fact, (hat whUst one of the ungues remains in its normal condition as a strongly curved, horny hook, the other is converted into a soft fleshy sucker. 28 ON APPENDAGES TO THE FEET OF INSECTS. the hind legs of some aquatic iusects, when they are not used either as aids to progression or for the capture of prey, the claw- hairs are scarcely distinguishable fi'om other hairs by which they are surrounded. The five " supplementary claws " (slightly modi- fied hairs) of Epe'ira, and still more noticeably the claws found by the author along the entire under surface of the tarsi of Pliolcus phalangioides, were mentioned as supporting this view. This, the first portion of the paper, after recalling the brilliant researches of Professor Huxley on various dissimilar tegumentary structures formed from hairs in the higher animals, concluded with a few reflections on the equally remarkable series of modifica- tions of the same essential part in the Articulata. In the second portion of the paper the structure of sucking-disks of a more complicated nature was somewhat minutely treated. The most complex in structure was stated to occur in the feet of thQ Wasp, Hornet, and some of the Bees, in which it is a single central organ, situated beneath the ungues. Its various parts were described, with their appearance whilst in action. It was stated that in some, as the Hymenoptera, the whole organ was soft and contractile, to enable it to be readily put away out of danger, as well as preserved in efficient condition for action when required. It was believed that the whole of the Lcpidoptera were also fur- nished with a similar organ, but that, being of firmer consistency in them, it was less liable to injury ; and the author had been unable to satisfy himself that, in any of this tribe, it possessed such an amount of contractility. The bifid sucker of MalacMus cEueus in the Coleoptera, and of several of the Pentatomidae amongst the Hemiptera, was then described, together with the hood-like sucker ("vesicle" of authors) terminating the tarsi in Thrips, in various species amongst the Ce- cropidae, and in many of the Acarida. Several Tipulidse were men- tioned as presenting the only instances of a sucker beneath the claws amongst the Diptera. The idea was broached thatthe terminal sucking-disk was perhaps an additional tarsal joint modified to serve a special purpose. The paper was illustrated by numerous di'awings and specimens ; one of the latter, a beetle, possessed of as perfect powers of walking on glass as a fly, was shown living. DR. LINOECUM ON THE " AaniCULTUIlA.L ANT.," 29 Notice on the Habits of the " Agricultural Ant " of Texas ["Stinging Ant" or " Mound-making Ant," Myrmica (Atfa) malefaciens, Buckley]. By GtIdeon Lincecum, Esq., M.D. Commimicated by Charles Darwin, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S. [Read April 18, 1861.] The follo\ring is merely an abstract of Dr. Lincecum's communi- cation, containing only what appears to be most remarkable and novel in it in the way of observation. "The species which I have named' Agricultural,' is a large brown- ish Ant. It dwells in what may be termed paved cities, and, like a thrifty, diligent, provident farmer, makes suitable and timely arrangements for the changing seasons. It is, in short, endowed with skQl, ingenuity, and untiring patience sufficient to enable it successfully to contend with the varying exigencies whicli it may have to encounter in the life-conflict. " When it has selected a situation for its habitation, if on ordi- nar}' dry ground, it bores a hole, around whicli it raises the sur- face three and sometimes six inches, forming a low circular mound having a very gentle inclination from the centre to the outer bor- der, which on an average is three or four feet from tlie entrance. But if the location is chosen on low, flat, wet land liable to inun- dation, though the ground may be perfectly dry at the time the ant sets to work, it nevertheless elevates the mound, in the form of a pretty sharp cone, to the height of fifteen to twenty inches or more, and makes the entrance near the summit. Around the mound in either case the ant clears the ground of alt obstructions, levels and smooths the surface to the distance of three or four feet from the gate of the city, giving the space the appearance of a handsome pavement, as it really is. Within this paved area not a blade of any green thing is allowed to grow, except a single species of grain-bearing grass. Having planted this crop in a circle aroiind, and two or three feet from, the centre of the mound, the insect tends and cultivates it with constant care, cutting away all other grasses and weeds that may spring up amongst it and all around outside of the farm-circle to the extent of one or two feet more. The cultivated grass grows luxuriantly, and produces a heavy crop of small, white, flinty seeds, which under the microscope very closely resemble ordinary rice. When ripe, it is carefully harvested, and carried by the workers, chaff" and all, into the granary cells, where it is divested of the chaff" and packed away. 30 OK TUE " AQHICULTURAL ANT " OF TEXAS. The chaff is taken out aud thrown beyond the limits of the paved area. " During protracted wet weatlier, it sometimes happens that the provision stores become damp, and are liable to sprout and spoil. In this case, on the first fine day the ants bring out the damp and damaged grain, and expose it to the sun till it is dry, when they carry it back and pack away all the souud seeds, leaving those that had sprouted to waste. " In a peach-orchard not far from my house is a considerable elevation, on which is an extensive bed of rock. In the sand-beds overlying portions of this rock are fine cities of the Agricultural Ants, evidently very ancient. My observations on their manners and customs have been limited to the last twelve years, during which time tbe enclosure surrounding the orchard has prevented the approach of cattle to the ant-farms. The cities which are outside of the enclosure as well as those protected in it are, at the proper season, invariably planted with the ant-rice. The crop may accordingly always be seen springing up within the circle about the 1st of November every year. Of late years however, since the number of farms and cattle has greatly increased, and the latter are eating ofi" the grass much closer than formerly, thus preventing the ripening of the seeds, I notice that the ' Agricul- tural Ant ' is placing its cities along the turn-rows in the fields, walks in gardens, inside about tlie gates, &c., where they can cul- tivate their farms without molestation from the cattle. " There can be no doubt of the fact, that the particular species of grain-bearing grass mentioned above is intentionally planted. In farmer-like manner the ground upon which it stands is carefully divested of all other grasses and weeds during the time it is grow- ing. When it is ripe the grain is taken care of, the dry stubble cut away and carried off", the paved area being left unencumbered until the ensuing autumn, when the same ' ant-rice ' reappears within the same circle, and receives the same agricultural attention as was bestowed upon the previous crop, — and so on year after year, as I hnoio to be the case, in all situatious where the ants' settlements are protected from graminivorous animals." In a second letter, Dr. Lincecum in reply to an inquiry from Mr. Darwin, whether he supposed that the ants plant seeds for the ensuing crop, says, "I have not the slightest doubt of it. And my conclusions have not been arrived at from hasty or care- less observation, nor from seeing the ants do something that looked a little like it, and then guessing at the results. I have at MR. r. SMITH ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF A'N'TS. 31 all seasons watched the same ant-cities during the last twelve years, and I know that what I stated in my former letter is true. I visited the same cities yesterday, and found the crop of ant-rice growing finely, and exhibiting also the signs of high cultivation, and not a blade of any other kind of grass or weed was to be seen within twelve inches of the circular row of ant-rice." In his second letter Dr. Lincecum proceeds to give some account of what he terms the "Horticultural Ant," which appears to b(i identical with the " Cutting Ant," (Ecodoma mexicana, Sm., de- scribed by Mr. S. B. Buckley in the ' Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,' 1860, p. 233 * ; but as his account does not contain any important additional observations, it is here omitted. Mr. Buckley also describes (I. c. p. 445), the "Agricultural" or "Mount-making Ant," althougli his account of its habits will be found to differ in several respects from that given by Dr. Lince- cum. Descriptions of some New Species of Ants from the Holy Land, with a Synon3anic List of others previously described. By Feedeeick Saiith, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological Depart- ment, British Museum. Communicated by Danl. Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S. [Eead April 4, 18G1.] The ants which form the subject of the present paper were col- lected in Syria and Palestine by Dr. J. D. Hooker and Mr. Daniel Hanbury, dui'ing a visit of a few weeks to those coimtries in September and October last. The species, though only ten in number, are part of a fauna replete with interest : all the produc- tions, in fact, of the Holy Land are so worthy of our attention, that he who adds even the smallest number of species to the list does not work in vain. I am not prepared to say how many, or even if any, of tlie spe- cies of Ants forming the present list have been recorded as indige- nous to Palestine ; but in one or two cases the knowledge of the geographical distribution of ants is rendered highly interesting. Not only do we here find species common to Southern Europe, but in Formica hrunnea and Tapinoma erratica we recognize insects found even in the \"icinity of our own metropolis. A few observa- * A notice of this paper will be found in the Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. vi. p. 38G. 32 MU. E. SMITH OK SOME NEW SPECIES 07 ANTS tions on the habits of one or two species are added in tlie hope of contributing to tlie dissemination of a knowledge of the marvel- lous historjr of the economy of this most interesting family of insects. Fam. FOEMICIDiE, Leach. G-en. Formica, Linn. Formica compressa. F. nigra, thorace compresso, antennis apice femoribusque rufis, capite maximo. Formica compressa, Fabr. Ent. Sysf. ii. 353. 2.; Latr. Fourm. p. 111. Tills species is found in Egypt, in most parts of India, in China, and I have also seen examples from the Philippines. The worker major differs greatly in form from the worker minor; it is nearly seven lines in length, is black, with the base of the legs pale red, its head being larger and wider than the abdomen. The other form of the worker is smaller, the thorax and legs pale, the head oblong and narrower than the abdomen, the latter being frequently more or less pale at the base. Taken on the north shore of the Dead Sea. Formica viatica. Sanguinea, opaca, antennis pedibusque rufo- brnnneo ; abdomine nigro-fusco. Formica viatica, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 356. 27 ; Syst. Piez. p. 404. 33. ^ . — Formica bicolor, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 351. 5; Syst. Piez. p. 398. 8. c? . — Formica megalochola, Foerst. Verh. d. naturh. Ver. d. Rheinl. vii. 485. 9 . — Cataglyphis Fairmairei, Foerst. Verh. d. naturh. Ver. d. Rheinl. vii. 485. (S . — Monocombus viaticus, Mayr, Form. Austr. p. 110. 1. This ant and the Atta cephalotes, according to the information that I have been able to obtain, are usually, if not always, found in the same localities ; and it would appear that, in some degree, they are dependent on each other. It is now a well-ascertained fact, that other species, in the fulfilment of their economy, require the aid of a distinct race, or rather are dependent on slave-labour for the rearing of their young brood, and for the performance of many other offices connected with the duties of their formicarium. The connexion between the F. viatica and Atta cephalotes appears to be similar to that vi'hich exists between F. sanguinea and F.fiisca. The sub- stance of the following account was communicated by M. Roussel to Dr. Nylander. M. Roussel observes that both species are common in Algeria, that they live in numerous societies, and construct their formicaria usually in banks, frequently at road-sides. It woidd appear that fiei'ce combats take place occasionally between the Formica and the Atta, the former being always victorious, and carrying off captive numbers of the AttcB, which henceforth become the nurse-slaves of F. viatica. M. Roussel frequently observed evidences of fierce encounters between these species of ants, having found the ground in the vicinity of the nests of the Attcs FROM THE nOLT LA.XD. 33 Strewed with the mangled remains of both combatants ; but he does no* appear to have ascertained whether the F. viatica carries off the Atta in the pupa or perfect condition. Probably the former, since, judging from analogy, it would appear necessary that such should be the case, as under such circumstances the F.fusca in the nest of F. sanguinea appears to form, as it were, an absolutely necessary part of the community. Probably such perfect individuals as are sometimes carried off by slave-making ants, are not intended to form part of the living population. Mr. Bates, who resided several years in Brazil, communicated to me some very interesting accounts of the habits of various predaceous species of ants. Not only did he observe the slave-makers carrying off pupae from the nests of more peacea])le communities, but he also witnessed the slaughter of the defence- less species — their furious assailants tearing the larger and more weighty fe- males limb from limb, and then carrying away the mangled remains to their own habitations. Such, probably, is the fate of such living examples as may be frequently observed vainly strugghng with their more warlike invaders. M. Roussel observed Atta cephalotes in great numbers, Uving in perfect harmony, in the nests of F. viatica, Formica brunnea. F. fusco-nigra, cinereo-micans; antennis pedibus- que pallide testaceis ; squama leviter emarginata. Formica brunnea, Latr. 'Fourm. p. 16.9, pi. 6. fig. 35. 2 . — Formica timida, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. p. 35. 15. A most widely distributed species, being found in England, France, Ger- many, Austria, Italy, Algeria, and also in Palestine. Specimens from North America have also been examined, which I am unable to separate from this species. Formica "bipartita. F. operaria. Rufo-ferruginea ; metathorace spinis duabus acutis minutis ; abdomine nigerrimo nitido. Worker. Length 2 lines. The head, thorax, and legs rufo-ferruginous, smooth and slightly shining, the eyes black ; the thorax much com- pressed behind ; the metathorax obliquely truncate, concave above ; the lateral margins acute, terminating posteriorly in an acute angle, or short spine ; the scale of the peduncle oblong, notched above, incli- ning forwards, and fitting into the oblique slightly concave truncation of the metathorax : when viewed sideways, it is wedge-shaped ; the abdomen ovate, and shining black. I at first sight mistook this very distinct, and apparently undescribed ant, for a species belonging to the genus Myrmica, to many of which it bears a strong resemblance. In size, general form, and more particularly its spinose metathorax, it approaches the Myrmicidce ; but its having a single scale, or node, at once points out its situation to be amongst the ForinicidcB. I much regret having only workers for examination ; and although upwards of thirty were captured, not one possesses an antenna. Had all the sexes been before me, I have a strong impression that this LINN. PBGC. — ZOOLOGY. 3 34 MR. F. SMITH ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF ANTS species would have been found to form a new genus, intermediate between Formica and Myrmica. Future observation and research will probably supply the materials for deciding this interesting question. Geu. Tapinoma, Foerst. Tapinoma erratica. T. nigro-fusca, nitida, glabra; pedum articulis tarsisque pallidis ; squama oblonga depressa. Formica erratica, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 182. — Tapinoma erratica. Smith, Brit. Fourm. p. 111. 1. The collection contained a single example of this species. Its coming from so distant a locality created a doubt of the possibility of its being identical with the species found in this country and throughout Europe ; but after the most attentive examination having been given to it, I acknow- ledge my inability to detect the shghtest difference between them. Fam. MYEMICID^. ' Gen. Myrmica, Latr. Myrmica jucunda. M. fusco-nigra, nitida; mandibulis antennis pedibusque articulis et tarsis rufo-pallescentibus. Worker. Length H line. Brownish black, very smooth and shining ; the mandibles, anterior portion of the head, the antennae, tarsi, and articulation of the legs pale testaceous ; the eyes small and placed midway at the sides of the head. Thorax narrowed posteriorly, with the division between the meso- and metathorax strongly impressed ; the metathorax with two very minute spines ; the first node of the abdomen, when viewed sideways, is wedge-shaped, the second globose. Abdomen subovate, widest towards the apex. Myrmica gracillima. M. rufo- pallida, lajvis, nitida ; abdomine nitido nigro. Worker. Length H line. Pale rufous, smooth and shining; the head oblong, rather wider than the abdomen ; the mandibles stout and armed with four black acute teeth on their inner margin ; the eyes small, ovate, and placed in the middle at the sides of the head ; club of the antennae 3-jointed; the antennae as long as the head and thorax. Thorax compressed, the division between the meso- and metathorax strongly impressed ; the metathorax unarmed. Abdomen ovate, black, smooth and shining ; the nodes of the peduncle pale rufous, the first elevated above the second ; when viewed sideways, wedgeshaped, with the apex blunt, the second globose. There is a certain similarity in the habit of this small ant that induces me to think it quite possible that it may be only a very diminutive form of the worker of Atta harbara. Myrmica punica. M. rufo-palUda; capite longitudinaliter delica- tule striato ; metathorace parvo, acuto, dentiformi. FROM Tlli: nOLY LAND. 35 Worker. Length nearly la line. Pale red, the legs and autennse palest; the flagellum of the latter with 3 joints in the club ; the head wider than the abdomen, delicately striated longitudinally ; the man- dibles stout, striated, and furnished with 4 or 5 black teeth on their inner margin ; the eyes small, black, and situated about midway at the sides of the head. Thorax, the anterior margin transverse ; the division between the meso- and metathorax strongly impressed ; the metathorax armed with two short acute spines. Abdomen smooth and shining ; the nodes ovate and shining ; the thorax and abdomen with a few erect pale hairs. Gen. Atta, Fabr. Atta BARBARA. (Formica barbar^, J Ann. Syst. Nat. i. 962. 2 ; Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 356. 26; Syst. Piez. p. 403. 30.— Formica binodis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 405. 39 ; Latr. Fourm. p. 285.— Formica juvenilis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 405. 38. — Myrmica capitata, Losana, Form. Piem. p. 325. — Formica capitata, Latr. Fourm. p. 234. pi. 10. fig. 66. $c. ^ A.— Atta capitata, St. Farg. Hym. i. 1/3. 1.) This ant is one of the most widely distributed species ; it is also one which varies greatly in colouring ; hence has arisen the confusion which the above synonym exhibits. The F. barbara of Linnaeus is a form of the sjjccies which has the head and antennae I'ed ; the F. juvenilis of Fabricius is a black variety. The A. capitata of Europe, according to Nylander and Mayr, varies from individuals totally black to others having the head and legs red, with the thorax more or less obscurely so. These observations apply to the worker only ; the male is, I believe, always black ; the female is sometimes, but rarely, as highly coloured as the worker. The numerous specimens from Palestine exhibit various shades of coloration ; the majority being, however, more highly coloured than any which I have seen captured in Europe. The head, thorax, legs, and in some instances, the nodes of the petiole also are entirely bright red ; of those taken in Jerusalem, some are highly coloured, whilst others are quite black. The species has not been discovered in England, but it is common in many parts of France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Dalmatia, Italy, Sardinia and Sicily ; I have also received it from Portugal. The nests of this ant are frequently much infested by a myrmecophilous beetle, Pycnidium testa- ceum, Atta structor. (Formica structor, Latr. Fourm. p. 236. — Formica lapidum, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 406. 49 ^ . — Formica rufitarsis, Fabr. Sijst. Piez. p. 406. 45. $ .—Atta structor, St. Farg. Hym. i. 174, 2.— Myrmica structor, Nyland. Form. Cr. et d' Alger. 85. 10, Div. 2.) This species has not been found in England, but is scattered over great part of Europe, having occurred in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Dal- matia, and Switzerland ; it has also been found in Algeria. 3* 3G MB. r. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEBOUS INSECTS Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected by Mr. A. R. "Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo. By Fbedeeick Smith, Esq., Assistant in the Zoological De- partment, British Museum. Communicated by W. W. Saun- ders, Esq., Y.P.L.S., &c. [Eead Jiuie 6, 1861.] Of the extensive and valuable additions which Mr. Wallace has made to our knovrledge of the geographical distribution of the \'arious genera of Aculeate Hjnnenoptei'a, none are perhaps more interesting than those contained in the present paper. Two fine new species of the parasitic genua Thynnus, from Gilolo, are espe- cially interesting ; this being the extreme limit of the known northern range of that genus from its metropolis, Australia. I would also particularly direct attention to a second species of the genus Metlioca from Celebes. This genus, long represented by a single European species, was supposed to be confined to that quarter; but diu'ing the last few years it has been discovered in North America, two species being described by Say, and one by myself, from that country, one species from Cuba, another from India, and two by Mr. Wallace from the Island of Celebes. Many fine additions to the Eormicidae, as well as to the fossorial division of the Aculeata, are contained in the present collections, which are the property of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Eam. EOEMICID^, Leach. Gen. Formica, Linn. 1. Formica laetaria, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 95. 6. ; Hab. Gilolo, Bacliian. 2. Formica quadriceps, Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. 137- 9. Hab. Ceram, Aru. ~ 3. Formica consanguinea. F. capita abdomineque nigro-fuscis ; antennis, thorace, abdomine, squamula pedibusque ferrugineis. Worker. Length 3 lines. Head black, with a slight ferruginous tinge and a prismatic lustre in various lights ; before the insertion of the antennae it is red as well as the mandibles and antennae ; the latter slender and a little longer than the thorax. The thorax narrow, and much compressed behind ; and, as well as the legs, of a bright pale ferruginous. Abdomen ovate, fuscous and thinly sprinkled with pale hairs; the scale of the peduncle ferruginous, small, narrow, upright, with the superior margin rounded. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). This is probably the worker minor of F. virulens. OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AKl) OIIOLO. 37 4. Formica circumspecta. F. rufo-picea, antonnis pedibusque pal- lide ferrugineis ; squamula siibquadrata, supra emarginata (foemina). F. pallide ferruginea, elongata et gracilis ; abdomine rufo-fusco {ope- raria). Female. Length 6^ lines. Rufo-piceous, smooth and shining, the anterior part of the head, its anterior margin, the scutellum and base of the abdominal segments of a brighter colour ; the antennae, legs, and scale of the peduncle pale rufo-testaceous ; the head oblong, uivrrowed anteriorly, transverse behind, and slightlj' emarginatc in the middle ; the mandibles stout, punctured, and with a row of black acute teeth on their inner margin ; the head slightly punctured in front; the scale of the peduncle subquadrate, slightly emargiuate above. Worker major. 3J lines. Of a pale ferruginous, with the posterior portion of the abdomen fuscous ; head oblong, narrowed behind the eyes ; thorax oblong, narrow, compressed behind j the scale of the peduncle small, narrow, with the superior margin rounded above ; the thorax narrowed anteriorl)% forming a sort of neck. The worker minor is 2 lines in length, more slender than the larger worker, with the antennae and legs much more elongate, the head narrowed behind, and the thorax prolonged into a sort of neck when viewed sideways. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 5. Formica leucoph^a. F. nigra, dense cinerea, pilosa; thorace postice attenuato ; squama oblongo-ovata. Worker. Length 3 lines. Black and densely covered with a fine silky cinereous pile ; antennae nearly as long as the body, slender, and fihform, the flagellum scarcely thickened towards the apex; eyes rather large and prominent, and situated hijh on the sides of the head; head oblong, narrowed behind the eyes. Thorax oblong, narrowed and of equal width behind the prothorax ; legs very obscurely reddish, with the apical joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate, the apical margins of the segments testaceous ; the scale of the peduncle narrow, small, and pointed above. Hab. Celebes (Tondanoj. 6. Formica tropica. F. nigerrima, nitida, Ijevissima; thorace pu- besceute, postice compresso ; pedibus rufo-nigris. Worker. Length 3j lines. Jet black, smooth, shining, and having a faint prismatic lustre, ])articularly on the head, which is oblong, or subquadrate ; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. The prothorax rounded at the sides and in front ; a deep constriction at the base of the metathorax, which is elevated and rounded above ; the thorax has a loose long pale scanty pubescence, probably much more dense in specimens in tine condition ; the ■ legs very obscurely ferruginous, nearly black ; the legs, particularly the tibiae, have a thin long loose 38 ME. p. SMITH ON IIYMENOPTEEOrS INSECTS pale pubescence. Abdomen thinly sprinkled with pale hairs ; the scale of the peduncle rounded and blunt above, not much elevated. Hab. Gilolo. 7. Formica virulens. F. cajjite, thorace pedibusque rufo-ferrugi- neis ; abdomine nigro ; squama oblongo-ovata. Worker, Length 4 lines. Head, antennae, thorax, and legs rufo-ferru- ginous ; the head very large, much wider than the abdomen, emargi- nate behind, and rounding at the sides to the tips of the mandibles ; the latter triangular, stout, and longitudinally striated, their inner margin dentate. The thorax compressed behind. Abdomen shining, black, with the margins of the segments ciliated with pale hairs ; the scale of the petiole oblong-ovate. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 8. Formica (Tapinoma) gibba. F. castaneo-rufa ; antennis, tibiis tarsisque fuscis ; raetathorace supra rotundato, postice truncato. _ Worker. Length 1| line. Dull chestnut red ; the head rounded be- hind the eyes, the latter ovate, and situated rather more inwards than is usual, the eyes are also rather large ; the antennae, tibiae, and tarsi fuscous ; the antennae inserted rather wide apart, nearly in a line with the inner margins of the eyes. Thorax, sub-rugose above, narrowed posteriorly, and deeply constricted between the meso- and meta- thorax ; the latter elevated, rounded above, and truncate behind, the truncation obliquely concave. Abdomen ovate, produced anteriorly over the node of the peduncle, which is oblique, and falls into the truncation of the metathorax. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). This species belongs to Foerster's genus Tapinoma. 9. Formica (Tapinoma) albipes. F. nigra, subnitida, glabra ; me- tathorace dorso abbreviate ; squama oblougo-depressa; pedum articulis tarsisque albis. Worker. Length H line. Black, slightly shining; the antennae in- serted widely apart on the front of the head; the metathorax oblique behind ; the scale of the peduncle decumbent and hidden beneath the base of the abdomen, which projects forwards ; the tarsi white. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Gen. PoLTRHACHis, Smith *. L Polyrhachis hastatus, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 129, pi. 4. fig. 23, ? . Hab. Celebes; India. The specimen from Celebes has the metathoracic spines shorter than Indian specimens which I have seen, and those on the node of the peduncle are also rather shorter ; however, in its opake blackness and in every other ])articular the insect is identical. * A figm'e of the scale of the peduncle of each of the ucw species described will be found on Plate I., illustrative of this paper. OF CEEAM, CELEBKS, TEUXATE, AND GILOLO. 39 2. Polyrhachis bihamatus, Drury, Ins. ii. pi. 38. f. 8, ^ . Hab. Celebes; Bacbian; Sumatra; Borneo ; India ; Cerain. 3. Polyrbachis Merops, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 98. 9. Hab. Celebes ; Bacbian. 4. Polyrhacbis Busiris, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Sujyp. v. 98. 7, ? • Hab. Celebes; Bacbian. 5. Polyrhachis bicolor, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pi. 6 (Formicidcc), p. 65. 25. Ilah. Ternati; Burmab. 6. Polyrbachis rugifrons, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 70. 3. Hab. Cerara ; Makassar. 7. Polyrbachis rufofemoratus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 142. 14. Hab. Ceram; Aru. 8. Polyrhachis Orsyllus. P. niger,cinereo-sericeovestitus; tliorace supra deplanato ; spinis duabus acutis antice armato ; squama iutegra ; tibiis ferrugineis. Worker. Length 3 lines. Black and thinly clothed with silky cine- reous pile ; the extreme apex of the flagellum and the palpi pale rufo- testaceous. The head and thorax above longitudinally and delicately striated; the margins of the thorax acute and slightly raised; the spines on the prothorax short, stout, and acute ; the tibia; ferruginous, the posterior pair rather dusky. Abdomen globose, the node of the peduncle broad, with its superior margin rounded, not spined. (Pl. I. fig. 6.) Hah. Celebes (Tondano). 9. Polyrhachis Mutili^e. P. niger ; capita thoraceque cinereo- sericeo vestitis ; abdomine pallide-aureo tectis ; thorace spinis acutis duabus antice et postice armato ; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis. Worker. Length 2a lines. Black, the bead and thorax with a thin silky cinereous pile, that on the abdomen of a pale golden hue, the antennsc and legs black without pile, and slightly shining. Thorax convex above, the anterior spines short, slender and acute ; the racta- thoracic spines rather longer but equally slender and acute ; the node of the peduncle with two long spines which are curved to the shape of the base of the abdomen ; the latter globose. The thorax flattened transversely, but curved longitudinally. (PI. I. fig. 7> and fig. 1 5 var. ?) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 10. Polyrhachis Olenus. P. niger ; thorace supra deplanato, spinis duabus acutis anterioribus ; squama spinis duabus longis armata; corpora aurco-sericeo vestito. Worker. Length 3 lines. Black and clothed with ashy silky pile ; the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax flattened above, with the lateral 40 MK. F. SMITH ON IiyMENOPTEROUS INSECTS margins raised, armed in front with two divergent flattened acute spines ; the metathorax truncate, and with the margin at the verge of the truncation acute and sHghtly raised; the node of the peduncle armed with two long acute divergent spines which curve backwards over the base of the abdomen ; the latter globose. (PI. I. fig. 8.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 11. PoLYRHACHis Democles. P. niger, Eureo-sericeo vestitus ; tho- race ovato, metathorace spinis duabus brevibus obtusis ; squama spinis duabus acutis armata. Female. Length 3^ lines. Black, covered with golden pubescent pile, the head and thorax thinly so. The thorax ovate ; the verge of the truncation of the metathorax notched, the lateral angles forming short blunt spines ; the node of the peduncle with two acute short spines, and in the middle of its upper margin with a notch, the angles of which are slightly elevated, forming two minute teeth or spines ; the abdomen globose ; the legs black and shining. (PI. I. fig. 9.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 12. PoLYRHACHis Valerus. P. capite abdomineque nigris ; thorace, squama femoribusque rufis ; thorace quadrispinoso ; petioli squamula bispinosa. Worker. Length 3i lines. Black, with the thorax, scale of the petiole, the coxae, trochanters and femora ferruginous ; the head opake, the face with short cinereous pubescence. The thorax with a thin shniing cinereous pile; the spines on the thorax in front short, stout, and acute ; the metathorax with two long slightly divergent spines directed back- wards and tipt with black; the node of the peduncle with two long acute spines directed backwards over the base of the abdomen, their apex black. Abdomen globose and covered with silky pile, the ex- treme base, ferruginous. (PI. I. fig. 10.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 13. PoLYRHACHis TRispiNosus. P. niger, laevis nitidusque; thorace inermi ; petioli squama trispinosa. Female. Length 4 lines. Jet black, smooth and shining ; the antennee long and slender with the apical half ferruginous ; the front of the head very convex. Thorax ovate, very delicately striated, the striae, short and irregular, may be called a faint scratching ; wings wanting ; the node of the peduncle with three short acute spines above ; the claws of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen ovate and very smooth and shining. (PI. I. fig. 11.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 14. PoLYRHACHis DiAPHANTUS. P. niger ct vestitus pubc argeutca ; thorace quadrispinoso ; petioli squamula bispinosa. Worker. Length 2^ lines. Black, and densely clothed with silky sil- very pile ; the flagellum has the tips of the basal joints, and six or OF CERAM, CELEBES, TEBNATE, AKD OILOLO. 41 seven of the npicnl joints entirely ferruginous ; the thorax convex above, the anterior spines short, stout, and acute ; the metathorax with two ver}' stout, acute divergent spines ; the node of the petiole with two long spines very stout, acute, and curving round the base of the abdomen ; the abdomen globose. The anterior tibiae obscurely ferruginous, their base black. (PI. I. fig. 12.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 15. PoLYRHACHis Amanus. P. niger, Iscvis, uitidus ; thorace antice et postice spinis duabus longis acutis armato ; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis ; femoribus basi pallide ferrugineis. fVorker. Length 3 lines. Jet black, smooth and shining, the thorax finely roughened and sub-opake ; head very prominent in front, tips of the mandibles and of the joints of the flagellum, as well as the palpi, rufo-testaceous, five or six of the apical joints of the flagellum entirely so. Thorax, the spines in front short, stout, acute, and curved inwards ; those on the metathorax elongate, extending over the base of the abdomen and very acute ; the spines on the node of the peduncle slender, very acute, and curved to the shape of the base of the abdomen ; legs elongate, obscurely ferruginous, with the coxae, trochanters, and base of the femora pale testaceous, the claws of the tarsi testaceous. Abdomen globose, highly polished and impunctate. (PL I. fig. 13.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 16. PoLYRHACHis Cleophanes. P. uigcr, pube argentca vestitus ; capite thoraceque rude punctatis, spinis acutis antice et postice armatis; petioli squamula bispinosa ; femoribus basi ferrugineis. Worker. Length 3i lines. Black, the abdomen shining; head and thorax coarsely and closely punctured, rugose, and covered with sil- ver}' pubescent pile ; the prominence on the fi-ont of the head, under the sides of which the antennae are inserted, very much elevated; the eyes very prominent; the spines on the thorax in front short, diver- gent, stout, and acute ; those on the metathorax more slender, acute, and curved backwards ; the node of the peduncle with acute spines, which curve backwards over the base of the abdomen ; the base of the femora more or less ferruginous, sometimes totally black. (PI. L fig. 14.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). This is very probably the worker of P. Vibidia. 17. PoLYRHACHis EXASPERATus. P. nigcr, capite thoraceque rude punctatis, abdomine nitido ; thorace antice et j)ostice si^inis duabus longis acutis armato ; squama s]iinis duabus longis curvatis acutis armata; pedibus obscure ferrugineis. Worker. Length 2J lines. Black ; the head anteriorly, the mandibles and flagellum obscure ferruginous ; the head, thorax, and node of the 42 MB. F. SMITH ON HTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS peduncle very coarsely and closely punctured, producing a rugged surface. The thorax,- with two short stout acute spines bent iuM'ards, the metathorax with two long divergent acute spines ; the peduncle with two long acute spines, which curve to the shape of the base of the abdomen ; the legs ferruginous, more or less obscurely so. The abdomen globose, smooth, and shining. (PI. I. fig. 15, and 16 var.) Hub. Celebes (Tondano). 18. PoLYRHACHis ViBiDiA. P. niger, capite thoraceque rude punc- tatis; thorace ovato, antice posticeque abdominisque squama spinis duabus acutis armatis ; abdomine ovato. Female. Length 34 lines. Black ; the head and thorax with large deep punctures ; the head with a large prominence in front, the lateral margins of which are expanded into elevated flat scales, beneath which the antennae are inserted, the extreme tip of the latter pale rufo- testaceous; the eyes very prominent. Thorax ovate, with a short stout spine on each side in front ; the metathorax with two stout acute spines, rather longer than the front ones ; the node of the peduncle with two short divergent acute spines ; the tibiae and femora ferrugi- nous, the apex of the latter and base of the former dusky or black ; the claws of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen globose, smooth and shining ; the entire insect thinly covered with cinereous pubescent pile. (PI. I. fig. 17.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 19. PoLYRHACHis Chaonia. P. nigcr, pube pallidc aurca vestitus ; thorace bidentato ; petioli squamula bidentata ; femoribus tibiisque fer- rugineis; alis fusco-hyaiinis. Female. Length 4 lines. Black, and clothed with a cinereous pubes- cence, which has a pale golden lustre, particularly on the head and thorax ; that on the abdomen is more inclining to grey, but has a golden tint in some lights ; the mandibles black. Thorax armed in front with two short acute spines ; the legs ferruginous, with the tarsi black ; wings fusco-hj'aline, nervures testaceous. Abdomen globose ; the scale of the peduncle with two short stout spines. (PI. L fig. 18.) Hab. Gilolo. 20. PoLYRHACHis NuMERiA. P. nigcr ; thorace supra deplanato, spinis duabus anterioribus ; abdominis squamula spinis duabus erectis acutis, utraque ad basin minute unispinulosa. Worker. Length 3 lines. Black, and covered with silky cinereous pile ; the thorax flattened above, and slightly curved longitudinally to the verge of the truncation of the metathorax, the spines on the pro- thorax stout, short and acute; the margins of the thorax slightly raised. Abdomen globose, truncate at the base ; the node of the pe- duncle broad, transverse above with an erect spine at each lateral or CERAM, CELEBES, TEHNATE, AND GILOLO. 43 angle, and a shorter acute spine outside at their base. (PI. I, fig. ly.) Hub. Celebes (Tondano). 21. PoLYRHACHis HiPPOMANES. P. niger ; capite thoracequc opacis ; abdomine nitido ; thorace spinis duabus longis acutis postice armato ; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis armata. Worker. Length 2|- lines. Black, the head and thorax opake, and obscurely tinged with blue. Thorax rounded above, the anterior margin unarmed j the metathorax with two long divergent spines ; the node of the peduncle with two similar spines, which are curved and extend over the base of the abdomen ; the trochanters and the intermediate and posterior coxec pale rufo-testaceous ; the legs elongate. Tlie abdomen globose. (PI. I. fig. 20.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 22. PoLYRHACHis Lycidas. P. niger, pubescens; thorace supra de- planato, spinis duabus anterioribus ; petioli squamula quadrispinosa. Worker. Length 4 lines. Black with a thin silky cinereous \n\c, and sprinkled over with erect pale pubescence, which covers the antennse and legs also j the extreme tip of the antennaj pale rufo-testaceous, the palpi of the same colour; the head and thorax longitudinally striated ; the prothorax with two stout acute spines ; the margins of the thorax slightly elevated and extremely acute at the angles of the truncation of the metathorax, sub-dentate ; the node of the peduncle with four acute spines. Abdomen globose, with the base truncate. (PI. L fig. 21.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 23. PoLYRHACHis ZoPYRUS. P. nigcr ; prothorace bispinoso ; petioli squamula quadrispinosa. Worker. Length 2| lines. Black, with a thin cinereous silky pile. Thorax, the anterior margin transverse, with the lateral angles very acute, and slightly produced into short acute spines ; the sides of the thorax flat, the disk slightly convex, with the margins acute and slightly raised ; the metathorax truncate, the angles of the truncation slightly produced, forming short acute spines ; the anterior tibia; more or less ferruginous within. Abdomen globose, the node of the peduncle with the superior margin transverse, the lateral angles raised into short acute teeth or spines ; the sides of the node oblique outwardly, then abruptly inclined inwards to its base ; at the angle thus produced is a short acute spine. (PI. L fig. 22.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 24. PoLYRHACHis EuRYTUs. P. niger cinereo-sericco vcstitus ; tho- race subovato, spinis duabus antice armato ; squama cmarginata. Female. Length 3J lines. Black, and covered with silvery grey pile, which is most dense on the face, metathorax, and abdomen. Thorax 44 MR, p. SMITH ON HTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS sub-ovate, the metathorax truncate with the margin of the truncation ■ acute ; the prothorax with two short acute spines. Abdomen globose ; the node of the peduncle widely emarginate above and subdentate at the angles. (PL I. fig. 23.) Hub. Celebes (Tondano). Gen. Odontomachus, Lafr. 1. Odontoraachus rixosus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc, ii. 64. 1. Hab. Ternati ; Singapore. 2. Odontomachus ssevissimus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 102. 1 • Hab. Menado ; Bachian ; Ceram. 3. Odontomachus tyrannicus. O. ferrugineus, Isevis nitidus; thorace oblongo, metathorace transversim striato ; abdominis pedun- culo unispinoso. Worker. Length 4 lines to the tips of the mandibles. Ferruginous, very smooth and shining ; the head widest at the insertion of the eyes, more than usually so; the usual deep depressions between the eyes and the prominence at the sides of which the antennae are inserted very smooth without the faintest striation, the prommence slightly striated longitudinally ; the head deeply emarginate behind ; the man- dibles finely serrated on their inner margins, and terminating in two stout teeth, which form a fork abruptly bent inwards. The antennae and legs of a paler colour than the body ; the metathorax transversely striated, the mesothorax above longitudinally so ; the spine on the node of the peduncle of the abdomen short and acute. (PI. I. fig. 4.) Hab. Celebes. Tarn. PONEEID^E, Smith. Gren. PoNEEA, Latr. 1. Ponera rugosa. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 66. 5. Hab. Celebes; Borneo. 2. Ponera parallela. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. 143. 3. Hab. Celebes; Aru. 3. Ponera Iseviceps, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 69. 13 ^ , Hab. Celebes ; Bachian ; Borneo. 4. Ponera maligna. P. capite subquadrato, margiue posteriore trans- verso ; thorace abdomineque Isevigatis, nitidis ; mandibulis, antennis tarsisque pallide ferrugineis. Female. Length 5| lines. Jet-black, smooth and shining ; the poste- rior margin of the head transverse, with the lateral angles acute ; the clypeus elevated ; the head is sprinkled with distant punctures ; its anterior margin, the mandibles, and antennae ferruginous; the man- dibles porrect, with two or three teeth at their apex and a larger one on their inner margin about one-third of their length from their apex. or CERAM, CELEBES, TETIKA.TE, AXD OTLOLO. 45 Thorax oblong-ovate, with a few hirge scattered shallow puneturcs ; the aiticulations of the legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen deeply constricted between the first and second segment, the apex nifo-testaceous ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, subquadrate, rather widest behind ; the entire insect is sprinkled with pale hairs, which are most dense on the abdomen, particularly at its apex. Worker. This sex is rather smaller than the female, is less pubescent, and with fewer punctures ; the metathorax narrower than the pro- thorax, and obtuse behind ; the eyes are smaller, and, like those of the female, placed forwards at the sides of the head ; the mandibles are similarly toothed ; the colouring does not diifer. Hah. Celebes ; Menado. 5. PoxERA NiTiDA. P. palUde ferruginea, laevis et uitida; margine mandibularura bidentato. JVorker. Length 2^ lines. Pale ferruginous, very smooth and shining; the CA^es small, round, and placed forwards at the sides of the head ; the mandibles porrect, with two stout short teeth on their inner margin. Thorax, with the sides flattened, above slightly convex ; the metatho- rax oblong-quadrate above. The node of the peduncle quadrate and incrassate, as wide as the metathorax ; the abdomen is constricted be- tween the first and second segments, and has a few pale scattered hairs. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 6. PoNERA MUTABiLis. P. fcrruginca, laevis, nitida, chalybea, viri- descens ; abdomine rufo-fusco. IVorker. Length 3^ lines. Ferruginous; the head and thorax with tints of blue in certain lights ; the mandibles longitudinally and finely striated, armed with three teeth at their apex, and a fourth on their inner margin a little way within ; the eyes ovate and placed forwards at the sides of the head. Thorax compressed posteriorly ; the scale of the peduncle flattened, rather thick, with its superior margiu rounded. Abdomen slightly fuscous ; the apical margin of the basal segment slightly constricted. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). This species resembles the P. viridescens from Sarawak, but is at once distinguished from it by its much shorter and thicker antennae. Gen. EcTATOMMA, Stnith. 1. Ectatomma rugosa. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 143. 1. Hab. Ceram; Aru. Fam. MYEMICID^, Smith. Gen. Mtbmica, Latr. 1. Myrmica molesta, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 293. 6. (Myrmica domcstica. Shuck. Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 268.) Hab. Menado; Celebes; Britain; France; Brazil; North America. 46 MB. F. SMITH O'S HYMENOPTEEOUS IKSECTS 2. Myrmica pedestris. M. fusco-nigra ; capite thoraceque longitu- diualiter stviatis ; autenuis pedibusque ferrugineis ; abdomine kevi, nitidissimo. Female. Length 3 lines. Nigro-fuscous ; the head and thorax longitu- dinally striated, the striae formed of rows of confluent punctures, the punctures finer on the head than on the thorax ; the antennse, anterior margin of the head and the mandibles ferruginous, the legs ferrugi- nous. The thorax transverse anteriorly ; a narrow smooth shining impunctate line runs down the middle ; the metathorax unarmed. Abdomen oblong-ovate, smooth, shining, and delicately punctured ; the nodes of the peduncle smooth and impunctate, the first oblong, the second globose. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 3. Myrmica ruficeps. M. fusco-nigra; capite ferrugineo et longi- tudinaliter striato, thorace supra striato ; abdomine la;vi, nitidissimo. Female. Length 4 lines. Black, the head red with a space behind the insertion of the antennae regularly striated longitudinally, extending to the posterior margin ; on each side of the striation the head is ru- gose ; the mandibles stout, smooth and shining, with their inner mar- gin black, smooth, and edentate ; flagellum 12-jointecl, the club 3- jointed. Thorax, the disk longitudinally striated, the scutellura smooth and shining, with a few transverse striae behind ; the meta- thorax with two short stout teeth ; the tarsi and articulations of the legs pale rufo-testaceous. The petiole of the abdomen ferruginous, the nodes black, the first globose, the second transverse. Abdomen ovate, black, smooth, and shining. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 4. Myrmica fuscipennis. M. ferruginea; capite thoraceque pro- funde punctatis ; alis nigro-fuscis. Female. Length 3 lines. Ferruginous, the head and thorax covered with large oblong punctures, the punctures occasionally confluent ; the mandibles finely striated longitudinally, their inner margin fur- nished with a row of small black teeth ; the joints of the antemiae, except the three apical ones, transverse ; the apical joint longest, but not forming a club. Thorax, the metathorax with two short acute teeth ; wings dark fuscous. Abdomen very smooth and shining, and much paler than the head and thorax. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 5. Myrmica pertinax. M. rufo-fusca, nitida, sparse pilosa ; capite longitudinaliter striato ; metathorace mutico. Worker. Length lJ-2 lines. Rufo-fuscous, the head darker than the the body ; the anterior portion of the head and the antennae bright rufo-ferruginous. The thorax smooth and shining, with a few fine punctures, the base and apex of the femora pale in some of the larger and darker examples ; the abdomen pale at the base, the ex- OF CEEA.M, CELEBES, TERNATJE, AND QILOLO. 47 treme apex pale and pubescent. Smaller specimens are usually paler than large ones. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 6. Myrmica vexator. M. pallide flavo-testacea, laevis, nitidissima ; abdomiue apice fusco-nigi-o. fVorker. Length 1 line. Honey-yellow, very smooth and shining ; the flagellum slightly fuscous towards the apex ; the eyes small and placed forwards at the sides of the head ; the metathorax not spined ; the abdomen fuscous with the base pale. Hab. Ternati. This species resembles the House-ant, M. molesta ; but it diflFers in several particulars from that species ; its head is much larger, and it is entirely smooth and shining. 7. Myrmica insolens. M. testaceo-ferruginea, sparse pilosa ; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter striatim rugosis ; metathorace spinis parvis acutis armato. Worker. Length 1| line. Pale ferruginous; the head and thorax longitudinally, irregularly and roughly striated ; the eyes and ocelli black; the antennae with three joints in the club; the metathorax with two^ straight acute spines, which are situated at the sides of the truncation of the metathorax ; the abdomen smooth and shining. Hab. Menado. 8. Myrmica opaca. M. nigra, opaca, delicatule scabrosa; pedibus rufo-fuscis, tarsis pallide testaceis. IVorktr. Length 2 lines. Opake-black, the head, thorax and nodes of the peduncle finely scabrous, on the head having a tendency to run into lines; behind the eyes is a longitudinal groove, apparently for the reception of the scape of the antennse; the antenna; obscurely ferru- ginous with the tip pale ; the mandibles ferruginous, striated and with several black teeth on their inner margin. Thorax armed pos- teriorly with two stout curved spines ; the tarsi pale rufo -testaceous. The nodes of the peduncle large and globose ; the abdomen thinly sprinkled with erect white setae. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Gen. Ceeapachts, Smith. \. Cerapachys antennatus. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 74. 1. Hab. Celebes; Borneo. Gen. Ceematogaster, Lund. \. Crematogaster ampullaris. C, rufo-niger ; capite thorace mul- tum latiore ; parte postica thoracis dilatata ; abdomine cordato. Worker. Length 2 lines. Obscure fusco-ferruginous ; the antenuEe, sides of the head, the nodes of the petiole, and the legs of a brighter 48 MR. F. SMITH ON' IITMEKOPTEEOUS INSECTS red ; the head much wider than the thorax and more shining ; the metathorax much swollen and wider than the prothorax, swelling out on each side. Abdomen heart-shaped, palest at the base and shining. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). The swollen metathorax in this species, I apprehend, is a receptacle for saccharine fluid ; on each side is a small orifice, and beneath it, adhering to the thorax, are particles of crystallized inasses, apparently formed of the fluid which has exuded from the receptacle. Two species from Sarawak, having similar formations, are described in the second volume of the ' Pro- ceedings of the Linnean Society.' Fam. ATTID^, Smith. Gen. SoLENOPSis, Westw. 1. Solenopsis cephalotes. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 149, 1. Hab. Celebes ; Aru. The worker major of this species has the head greatly enlarged, that of the worker minor being of the ordinary size. 2. Solenopsis laboriosa. S. ferruginea; capite maxirao, longi- tudinaliter striate, postice transverso-striato; spiiiis metathoracis minu- tissirais. ■^ Worker major. Length 3 lines. Dark ferruginous, with the legs pale ; rufo-testaceous ; the head very large, twice as wide as the abdomen, in front and at the sides roughly striated, posteriorly delicately striated ; the sides of the head very slightly rounded, emarginate behind with a central impressed line running forwards and terminating opposite the eyes; the eyes very small and placed at the sides a little beyond the middle ; the vertex smooth and shining, with a few scattered fine punctures. Thorax sub-rugose, convex anteriorly and shining, behind constricted and narrowed; the metathorax with two short, erect, acute . spines. Abdomen smooth, shining and slightly pubescent. The mandibles have a single tooth at their apex. M'^orker minor. Length 1-2 lines. This form is of a much paler colour, the larger individuals having the abdomen fuscous, except at the ex- treme base ; in the smaller examples it is only fuscous at the apex ; in large individuals the head is slightly striated in front, in small ones it is entirely smooth and shining ; the head much smaller in proportion than in the worker major ; the mandibles with two or three teeth on their inner margin. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). The diff'erent-sized workers were taken from the nest by Mr. Wallace. 3. Solenopsis pungens. S. ferruginea ; capite maxime longitudinaliter striato ; abdomine fusco [operaria major) : rufo-testacea, laivis, tota nitidissima nuda flageUis pedibusque pallescentibus {operaria minor). Worker. Length 2 lines. Ferruginous, the flagellum and legs pale ferruginous ; the mandibles stout, finely punctured and with two OF CEEAM, CELEBES, TERJTATE, AND QILOLO. 49 teeth at their apex ; the head very large, longltiulinally striated, and with a longitudinal channel behind the scape of the antcnnrc appa- rently for their reception; the eyes small, inserted forwards at the sides of the head. The metathorax, with two minute spines ; the legs pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen fuscous, smooth and shining. Worker minor. Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous, the antenna;, thorax, and legs pale testaceous; the head of the ordinary size; entirely smooth and shining. Hab. Menado. G-eu. PuEiDOLE, Westw. 1. Pheidole megacephala. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 112. 5. Mr. Wallace has sent a seizes of workers of this species collected from the nest. These contain, as it were, three modifications of the enormously large-headed individuals ; all of these have heads similar in form, subqua- drate, longitudinally striated anteriorly, and transversely so behind ; these I should call varieties of the worker major ; the worker minor has the head subovate in form, smooth, polished and shining ; not striated behind, and very faintly so anteriorly. The links which would unite these two distinct forms of the working ants are wanting. I am therefore still of opinion that societies of ants generally possess two distinct sets of workers whose functions are totally different ; this is known to be the case in slave-making communities, and also in the remarkable genus Eciton, of which only the workers are known. 2. Pheidole plagiaria (Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 112. 3). Hab. Celebes; Bachian. The specimens from Celebes are of a darker hue than those received from Bachian ; this is the ant which Mr. Wallace saw carrying ofif white ants to its formicarium. Gen. Typhlatta, Smith. 1. Typhlatta Iseviceps, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 70. 1. This remarkable genus of ants, the workers of which are destitute of eyes, is in my opinion closely allied to the genus Eciton, one or two species of which are also blind ; the present species is very like the Eciton pachij' cerus of my Catalogue of Formicida;, which is also blind. That species was collected by General Hardwiek, and formed part of his collection, which he presented to the British Museum ; T have little doubt it was captured in India, although South America (?) is given as its probable habitat. Tliis genus differs from Eciton in having only two joints to the labral palpi; the maxillary palpi I have not succeeded in extracting. Fam. CEYPTOCERIDiE, Smith. Gen. Cataulacus. 1. Cataulacus flagitiosus. C. niger; capita atriato, angulis posticis LINN. raOC. — ZOOLOGY. 4 80 ME. F. SMITH ON HTMEN01PTEE0US INSECTS spinosis ; thorace spinis duabus acutis elongatis armato ; abdotnine eordato. Worker. Length 2^ lines. Opake-black ; the head and thorax above, with a coarse irregular striation, intermixed with a rough granulation, the margins of the head crenulated, the posterior angles acute and slightly produced. Thorax armed posteriorly with two stout diverging spines. Abdomen oblong-cordate, finely and irregularly striated ; sprinkled with distant short white erect setae ; the nodes of the pe- duncle rugose. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Gen. ECHINOPLA, Smith. 1. Echinopla striata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 3. Hab. Celebes ; Malacca. 2. Echinopla pallipes. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 2. Hab. Celebes ; Borneo. 3. Echinopla DUBiTATA. iJ. nigra; capite thoraceque rugosis ; ab- domine ovato laevi nitido ; squama in utroque latere spiua horizontal! ; femoribus pallide testaceis. Worker. Length 2 lines. Black, and thinly covered with erect black hairs ; the head and thorax rather finely rugose ; the antennae pubes- cent, with the extreme tip pale testaceous ; the eyes round and very prominent. The anterior margin of the prothorax arched vnth a short acute spine at the lateral angles ; the thorax is deeply constricted in the middle, the metathorax rounded behind; the roughness of the thorax gives its margins a crenulated appearance ; the coxse, trochan- ters, and base of the femora pale rufo-testaceous ; the claw-joint of the tarsi rufo-testaceous. Abdomen globose, shining, and very finely punctured. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Earn. MUTILLIDJS, LeacJi. Gen. MuTiLLA. 1. Mutilla Merops, Smith, Supp. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 116. 2. Hab. Gilolo; Bachian. 2. Mutilla anthylla. Smith, Supp. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 115. 4. Hab. Gilolo; Bachian. 3. Mutilla lanthea. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 115. 3. Hab. Amboyna; Bachian. Gen. Methoca, Latr. 1. Methoca thoracica. M. rufo-ferruginea; capite abdominisque fasciis tribus nigris. OF CEBAM, CELEBES, TEEN ATE, AND GILOLO. 51 Female. Length 4 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the head black, the abdo- men with three black fasciae, very smooth and shining ; the manthblcs, ch-peus, and antennae ferruginous. (PI. I. fig. 5. $ .) Hah. Celebes (Tondano). This very beautiful insect may probably be a very large, highly coloured form of M. insularis, described in a previous paper ; but not having any intermediate in size, I have thought it advisable to describe it as a distinct species. Fam, THYNNID^, Erich. Gen. Thynntis. 1. Thynnus atratus, T. niger, punctulatus ; alis antieis fusco-nigris, apice hyalinis, posticis hyalinis, basi late fusco-nigris. Female. Length 12 Hues. Black and closely punctured ; the head and thorax slightly shining, the thorax very shining, and not so strongly and closely punctured as the thorax; the anterior margin of the clypeus widely and slightly emarginate. The wings very dark brown, shining, and with their apical margins, and the posterior margin of the hind wings hyahne ; the legs black with short cinereous pubes- cence within. Hab. Gilolo. This fine species of Thynnus is of the same form, and about the same size, as Guerin's T. Shuckardi ; it is the second species that has to my know- ledge been captured in the Eastern Archipelago ; the first species was described in the paper descriptive of the insects of Bachian, &c., published in the supplement to the fifth volume of the ' Proceedings.' 2. Thynnus (Agriomyia) vagans. T, niger, capite thoraceque flavo variegatus, abdominis segmentis macuhs duabus flavis ; alis sub- hyahnis. Male. Length 6i lines. Black, the head and thorax subopake, the abdomen shining ; the mandibles, cl}'peus and a V-shaped mark above yellow ; the base of the clypeus and an anchor-shaped mark in the middle black. Thorax, the collar, posterior margin of the prothorax, a spot on the tegulae, two beneath the wings, a minute one on the mesothorax, three on the scutellum, and one on each side of the meta- thorax yellow ; the anterior tibiae and the intermediate pair in front ferruginous ; the wings subhyaline, the nervures black. The abdomen has an oblong yellow spot at the sides of all the segments except the two apical ones. Female. Length 4 lines. Apterous ; black, the head small, transverse in front, much narrowed behind, with a deep longitudinal sidcation on each side close to the margin of the eyes. The thorax narrow and oblong. Abdomen oblong-ovate, very large, with four deep transverse grooves on the second segment. (PI. I. fig. 1 c? , 2 $ .) Hab. Gilolo. 4* 52 ME. r. SMITH ON HYMENOPTEROtrS INSECTS The sexes here describeJ are distinguished as such by Mr. Wallace, who doubtless ca])tured them in coitu. Fam. SCOLIAD^, Leach. Gen. TiPHiA, Fahr. 1. Tiphia flavlpennis. Smith, Proc, Linn, Soc. ii. 91. 3. Hab. Gilolo. Sarawak. Gen. ScoxiA, Fahr. Div. 1. Two suhmarginal cells and one recurrent nervure. 1. ScoLiA CAPTivA. 5. atra, thorace abdomineque opalino pulcherrime lavatis ; alis fuscis cupreo iridescentibus. Male. Length 10 lines. Black, with a beautiful opaline iridescence intermixed with shades of blue, purple, and green, thinly covered with black pubescence, which is most dense on the sides of the thorax, legs, sides and apex of the abdomen ; finely and distantly punctured ; the spines of the apex of the tibiai simple ; wings fuscous, not very dark, and having a mixture of coppery and greenish iridescence. Abdomen : the first segment bell-shaped, much narrower than the following ; the punctures on the abdomen fine and not very close, the apex smooth and opake. Hab. Gilolo. 2, ScoLiA AMBiGUA. S. nitida nigra, abdomine opaco, alis fuscis cupreo et violaceo splendide micantibus. Female. Length 12 lines. The head and thorax shining black; the face and vertex thickly set with black pubescence ; a patch of silvery white pubescence between the base of the scape and the inner margin of the eyes ; the cheeks have also a little silvery pile ; the mandibles rufo-piceous on their inner margins. The sides of the thorax, beneath as well as the metathorax with a thin cinereous pile ; the disk of the thorax smooth and shining ; the anterior margin of the prothorax with deep coarse punctures ; the legs thickly set with rigid black hairs ; the posterior femora broad, compressed, and membranaceous beneath ; the inner spine at the apex of the tibia; spatulate ; all the calcariae rufo-testaceous ; the wings fusco-hyaline, with a splendid violet and coppery iridescence. Abdomen opake black with the basal margins of the segments slightly shining ; the terminal segment longitudinally rugose with its apical margin narroM'ly pale testaceous ; the anterior wings with a second recurrent nervure incomplete. Hab. Gilolo. Div. 2. The anterior wings with two suhmarginal cells and two recurrent nervures. 3. Scolia aurcicollis, St. Farg. Hym. iii. 499. 6 $ . Hab. Ternati; Bachianj Phihpiiines; Ceylon; Silhet. or CEKAil, CELEBES, TEENATE, AKD OILOLO. 53 4. Scolift aimulata (Tipliia Fahr.), Sysf. Picz. p. 234. 11. Hub. Celebes. The specimens from Celebes have the wings entire]}' dark fuscous. 5. ScoLiA MOROSA. S. nitida, aterrima; abdomine subopaco; alis nigro-fuscis, violaceo splendide micantibus. Female. Length 14^ lines. Jet black, the head and thorax shining, the abdomen subopake. The face coarsely rugose and covered with dense black pubescence; the flagellum rufo-piceous beneath. The thorax with deep coarse punctures and having a smooth impuuctate space in the middle of the disk and of the scutellum ; the legs thickly set with rigid spines and hairs : the anterior tibia? strongly punctured j the apical joint of the anterior and intermediate tarsi rufo-piceous ; the wings very dark brown with a splendid violet iridescence. Abdo- men strongly punctured towards the apex. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Div. 3. The anterior wings with three submargindl cells and one recurrent nervure, 6. ScoLlA APICATA. S. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine nigro- ca;ruleo, apice ferrugineo ; alis nigro-fuscis violaceo iridescentibus. Female. Length 7h, lines. Head and thorax black and shining ; head as wide as the thorax, finely and distantly punctured on the vertex, but much more strongly so before the ocelli. Thorax strongly punc- tured ; the wings dark brown with a violet iridescence. Abdomen blue-black, rather finely and distantly punctured, the three apical segments bright ferruginous and thickly cihated with ferruginous pubescence. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). I at first mistook this insect for S. dimidiata ; but, independent of the different neuration of the wings, its broad head, as wide as the thorax, at once distinguishes it ; in iS. dimidiata the head is much narro^\ er than the thorax. 7. ScoLlA INTRUDENS. S, nigra, subnitida, punctatissima ; alis fuscis, viride et violaceo micantibus. Male. Length \A\ lines. Black, slightly shining and densely punctured ; the pubescence black. The thorax with confluent punctures; the wings dark fuscous, with a mixture of green violet and coppery irides- cence, changing in difi^erent lights. The abdomen with the segments densely fringed with black pubescence ; the terminal segment with an acute spine at the apex and a shorter one on each side at the base. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Div. 4. The anterior wings with three submarginal cells and tioo recurrent nervures. 8. Scolia dimidiata, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. ])I. 2. j). 247. Hab. Gilolo ; Celebes ; Isle of I3ourou j Buchian ; Amboyna j Senegal, 04 ME. F. SMITH ON HTMENOPTEBOTJS INSECTS Specimens of this species from Gilolo and Bachian are much more highly coloured than tJie type described by Guerin, — the abdomen being red, with only the basal segment and the sides of the second segment black, 9. Scolia fulva, Gray ; Cuv. Anim. Kingd. (^Griffiths), p. 516, pi. 71 • f. 1 ? • Hab. Ceram. The Scolia fulva is so briefly described in the above work, that it appears desirable to add one or two important distinctive characters. The head and thorax are black, the abdomen ferruginous, and entirely covered with iulvous pubescence; the antennae and legs are ferruginous, the coxaj and femora fusco-ferruginous ; the wings in the specimen from Ceram are nigro-violaceous : in the figure given in the ' Animal Kingdom,' they are represented as paler, being fuscous and iridescent at their base, with the margins paler j the basal segment of the abdomen is black, the second segment has a black oval spot at its lateral margins ; the third segment has two approximating ovate black spots in the middle above, and the fourth two united ones in the same situation ; the type is said to have come from Brazil, but it has been ascertained that AustraUa is its proper locality. Pam. POMPILID^, ZeacJi. 1. PoMPiLUS PREDATOR. P. niger, abdomine obscure cseruleo, ahs fuscis, violaceo iridescentibus. Female. Length 6 lines. Head and thorax black and slightly shining, the clypeus covered with silvery pile ; the mandibles rufo-piceous in the middle. The metathorax subelongate with its apical margin reflexed ; the wings fuscous, with a violet iridescence, the posterior pair hyaline at their base. Abdomen smooth and shining, with a beautiful blue tint in certain lights ; the apical segment with a number of long black hairs. Hab. Menado. 2. PoMPiLUS RUFIPRONS. P. capite vertice, antennis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis; abdominis segmento secundo fascia basali ferruginea; alis flavis. Female. Length 9 lines. Black ; the front between the ocelli and the insertion of the antennae, the antennae, labrum, tibiae, and tarsi ferru- ginous; the mandibles ferruginous in the middle; the tips of the femora ferruginous ; wings yellow, with a narrow fuscous border at their tips ; the nervures ferruginous. Abdomen slightly shining, the basal margin of the second segment ferruginous. Hab. Ternate. G-en. AaENiA. Schiodte. 1. Agenia Lucilla, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 120. 3. Hab. Gilolo; Amboyna. G-en. Pbiocnemis, ScModfe. 1. Priocnemis confector. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 120. 3. Hab, Ternate; Bachian. or OEEAM, CELEBES, TEENATE, AND GILOLO. 55 Gen. Mtgnimia, Smith. 1. Mygnimia ichneumoniformis (Pompilus), Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 258. Hah. Celebes ; Dory ; Amboyna. 2. Mygnimia fervida, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc, Supp, v. 82. 1. Hab. Makassar; Ceram. 3. Mygnimia cognata. M. atra ; metathorace rugoso; alis nigro- fuscis cupreo violaceoque micantibus. Female. Length 10 lines. Black; the head and thorax covered with black pubescence; the anterior margin of the clypeus entire; the anterior tibiae and tarsi with a few very short slender spines; the metathorax convex, pubescent, and rugose, the wings very dark brown, with their apical mai'gins of a deeper tint. Abdomen longitudinally aciculate. Hab. Ternate. This species is very like M. anthracina, but I think it is a distinct species ; it has not the deep transverse ridges on the metathorax which characterise that insect, and it also differs in having the abdomen very obviously aciculate, or irregularly finely striated longitudinally. Gen. Maoeomeeis, St. Farg. 1. Macromeris violacea, St. Farg. Guerin's Mag. Zool. pi. 30. fig. 1,&, $ . Hab. Mcnado; India; Singapore; Celebes. Earn. LAEKID.E, Leach. Gen. Laeeada, Smith, I. Larrada CHRYSOBAPTA. I/, fusco-nigra, capIte,thorace abdominis- qiie basi et zona abdominal! media pube aurea densissima sericeo- velutina vestitis ; alis hyalinis flavo-tinctis apice violascenti-fuscis. Female. Length 6| lines. The head, thorax, and legs clothed with golden silky pubescent pile, that on the femora has a silvery lustre ; antennae black, with a pale golden pile on the scape ; mandibles shining black, with a little golden pubescence at their base ; the v\ ings flavo-hyaline, with a fuscous cloud at their apex, which has a violet- tint in certain lights. Abdomen : the first segment and a band on the following segments with golden pubescence. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Pam. BEMBICIDiE, Westiv. Gen. Bembex, Fair. 1 . Bembex melancholica. Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. 4, 328. 47. ' Hab. Celebes; Borneo; Sumatra; Aru. 2. Bembex trepanda, Dahlb. Hym, Europ. i. 181. Hab. Gilolo; Celebes; Ceylon; India. Fam. CEABEONID^, Zeaeh. Gen. Tetpoxtlon, Zair. I. Trypoxylon providum, S»^t7^, Proc. Linn. Soc, Svpp. v. 126. 1. or CEEAM, CELEBES, TEENATE, AND GILOLO. 67 ram. PHILANTIIID^, Baldb. Gen. PniLANTnus, Fabr. 1. Philantiius notatulus. p. niger, facie genisquc flavo-lineatis, thorace flavo subnotato, abdominis petiolo binotato, segmentis flavo postice raarginatis, medio iiiterrupto, tibiis antice flavis, antennis nigris. Female. Length b\ lines. Black ; the head and thorax closely pimc- tured ; the inner orbits of the eyes below their sinus, and the anterior margin of the face and clypeus with a yellow line ; an ovate spot in the middle of the clypeus, a bilobed spot above it, and an obhque stripe on the cheeks, yellow. Thorax : an interrupted line on the collar, a spot beneath the wings, another on the tegula in front ; a transverse line in the middle of the scutellum, and two ovate spots on the metathorax, near the insertion of the petiole, yellow ; the wings hyaline, the nervures fuscous ; the tibiae in front, the posterior pair behind also, the knees and the tarsi beneath, yellow, the latter rufo- fuscous above. Abdomen petiolated ; the petiolated segment with an ovate spot on each side near its apex ; the following segments nar- rowly bordered with yellow, slightly interrupted in the middle ; the first border widens into a pear-shaped spot towards the lateral mar- gins; beneath, the second and third segments have a transverse curved line on each side. Hab. Menado. This species belongs to Klug's subgenus Tracliypus. Group l.—BOLITABY WASFS. Pam. EUMENID^, Westio. Gen. EuMENES, Zafr. 1. Eumenes tlnctor, Christ. Hym. p. 341. t. 31. f. 1. Sauss. Mott, Guepes Sol. p. 49. 30. Hah. Gilolo ; Senegal ; Congo ; Gambia ; Egypt. 2. Eumenes Praslina, Gu&. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 267. pi. 9. fig. 7, ? . Hah. Temate ; Gilolo ; Kaisaa ; New Ireland j Key Island ; Amboyna. 3. Eumenes Urvillei, Sauss, Mon. Guepes Sol. i. 59. 44. Hab. Gilolo; New Guinea. 4. Eumenes cirinalis, Fabr. Syst. Piez, p. 286. 4. Hah. Gilolo; Kaisaa; Celebes; Ceram; Sumatra; Java; India. 5. Eumenes tricolor. Smith, Proc. Linn, Soc. v. 87. 5. Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian ; Makassar, 6. Eumenes blandus, Smith, Proc, Linn. Soc. Supp, v, 127. 8. Hab. Gilolo; Bachian. 58 ME. r. SMITH ON HTMENOPTEEOUS INSECX8 Gen. Pachtmenes, Sauss. 1. Pachymenes elegans, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 131. 1. Hab. Gilolo; Bachian. Gren. Odtneeus, Latr. 1. Odynerus maculipennis. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 3. 4. Hab. Gilolo ; Borneo. 2. Odynerus fallax. G. niger, clypeo apiculato, capite thora- ceque flavo variis ; pedibus ferrugineis ; abdominis segmentis flavo- fasciatis ; alis subhyalinis apice fuscis. Female. Length 6^ lines. Black ; the clypeus, a spot above, an- other in the sinus of the eyes, a line behind the eyes, and a minute spot on the mandibles, yellow ; a kite-shaped black spot on the cly- peus ; the scape reddish yellow in front. Thorax : a line on the collar, a spot beneath the wings ; the tegulse, an abbreviated line before them, two spots on the scutellum, postscutellum, and at the apex of the metathorax on each side of the insertion of the abdomen, yellow ; the legs ferruginous ; the wings subhyaline and iridescent, with a dark fuscous stain extending from the marginal cell to the apex of the wings ; the abdomen petiolated ; the margins of the segments bor- dered with yellow. Hab. Gilolo. Gren. Ehynohium, Spin. 1. Rhynchium hsemorrhhoidale, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 259. 28. Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian ; Amboyna ; Dory ; Malacca j Singapore ; India ; Java; Cape of Good Hope. 2. Rhynchium rubro-pictum. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 128. 4. Hab. Gilolo ; Ternate ; Bachian. Gtou^ 11.— SOCIAL WASFS. ram. VESPID^, Leach. Gen. Polistes, Latr. 1. Polistes tepidus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 371. ?• Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian ; Key; Solomon Islands; New Guinea ; Australia. 2. Polistes multipictus. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 130. 5. Hab. Gilolo ; Amboyna. Gen. Ischnogastee, Guer. 1. Ischnogaster aurifrons. /. niger, flavo variegatus; petiolo *^ <^F CEEAM, CELEBES, TEEKATE, AND GILOLO. 59 longissimus ; cellulis primis secundisque submarginalibus sequis, tertia quadrata ; facie aurato pubescente. Femule. Leugth 6^ lines. Black ; the face covered with golden pu- bescence; the scape and the flagellum beneath rufo -fulvous ; the mandibles and palpi rufo-testaceous. Thorax globular ; the posterior margin of the prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, another on the side of the pectus, two on the scutellum and two united ones on the metathorax, yellow ; the legs rufo-piceous, with the knees yellow. The jjetiole obscui-ely ferruginous, twice as long as the thorax, the apex swollen ; the first segment of the abdomen has a short petiole, which is pale ferruginous j the second segment has at its basal margin on each side an oblong yellow spot ; beneath, the same segment has two small yellow spots. Hob. Celebes (Tondano). Gen. Yespa, lAnn. 1. Vespa affinis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 254 (var. V. cinctal). Hob. Gilolo ; Bachian ; Celebes ; Malacca ; Singapore ; India ; China. Fam. ANDEENID^, Leach. Gen. Peosopis. 1. Prosopis eximius. Smith, Supp.Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 131. 1. Hob. Gilolo; Bachian. Gen. NoMiA, Latr. 1. NoMiA CLAVATA. N. nigra et punctata, facie pube brevi grisea tecta; abdomine clavato, nitido, marginibus apicahbus segmentorum albo fasciatis. Male. Length 3^ lines. Black; head and thorax opake; the face covered with cinereous pubescence ; the mandibles ferruginous at their apex. The collar, scutellum and post-scutellum bordered with short downy pale pubescence ; the wings subhyaline and iridescent, the apical margins of the superior pair fuscous ; the legs obscurely rufo-piceous, the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous ; the legs with a glittering pale pubescence. Abdomen clavate, the margins of the segments constricted, each having a fascia of pale pubescence on its apical margin. Hab. Gilolo. 2. NoMiA MODESTA, N. nigra ; capite thoraceque punctatis subopacis, abdomine nilido, segmentis ad marginem apicalem albo fasciatis. Female. Length 3 lines. Black ; the face covered with glittering cine- reous pubescence ; the flagellum fulvous beneath ; the mandibles 60 MB. F. SMITH ON HTMENOPTEEOUS INSECTS rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax finely and closely punctureil, and, as well as the head, subopake; the prothorax and scutcUum bordered with short, fine, downy, pale pubescence ; the wings subhyaline and iridescent; the tegula; pale rufo-testaceous j the legs with a pale glittering pubescence, the tarsi pale ferruginous. Abdomen ovate, very convex, and wider than the head and thorax, the apical margins of the segments bordered with short white pubescence, widely inter- rupted on the first and second segments ; the abdomen is shining and very finely punctured. Hab. Gilolo. Pam. APID^, LeacJi. Gen. Megachile, Zatr. 1. Megachile Alecto, Smith, Supp. Journ, Proc. Linn. Soc.x. 132. Hab. Gilolo J Dory; Ternate. 2. Megachile Lachesis, Smith, Supp. Journ, Proc. Linn, Soc, v. 133. Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian ; Amboyna. 3. Megachile Clotho, Smith, Supp. Journ, Proc. Linn, Soc. v. 134. Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian. 4. Megachile aterrima. M. aterrima, pube nigra dense vestita; tborace transversim rugoso ; alis hyahnis, apice marginalibus fuscis. Female. Length 1 1 lines. Black ; the pubescence entirely black ; the head rugose ; the mandibles stout and finely punctured. Thorax ru- gose, transversely so in front ; the posterior margin of the scutellum rounded ; the wings hyaline, the nervures black, the apical margins with a fuscous border. Abdomen with a dense black pubescence be- neath, above bluish black towards the base, finely punctured. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 6. Megachile placida. M. nigro-pubescens ; facie dense flavo- albo pubescente, abdominis segmentis marginibus fulvis ; alis fuscis. Male. Length 5 lines. The head, thorax, and legs clothed with black pubescence, that on the face is yellowish white ; the wings slightly fuscous, with their base hyaline. The margins of the first and three following segments of the abdomen fringed with fulvous pubescence, the fifth and following segments entirely fulvous j the anterior tarsi and the femora and tibiae beneath rufo-testaceous, their coxa: armed with a stout spine. Hab. Gilolo. 6. Megachile laboriosa. M. nigra, pube nigra vestita ; abdomine segmentis apicalibus pube fulva vestitis ; alis nigro-fuscis. Male. Length 5 lines. Black, and clothed with black pubescence, the fourth and following segments of the abdomen with fulvous ; a tuft of white pubescence between the antennae, and the anterior margin of the clypeus fringed with white pubescence ; the wings dark fuscous. Hab, Ternate. OF CEEAM, CELEBES, TEBNATE, AND GILOLO. Gl Gen. Ckocisa. 1. Crocisa uitidula, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 386. 2. Hab. Gilolo ; Ternate ; Am Islands ; Amboyna ; Australia ; Menado. 2. Crocisa emarginata, St. Farg. Hym. ii. 449. 3. Hab. Ternate; Port Praslin (New Ireland). Gen. Xtlocopa. 1. Xyloeopa coronata, Smith, Supp. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 135. 1. Hab. Gilolo; Kaisaa. 2. Xylocopa volatilis. X. virescenti-flava, tibiis posticis intus rubro-hirtis ; alis obscuro-hyalinis, violaceo tinetis, apicc nigro minute et regulariter crebre punctatis. Male. Length 11 lines. Black, and densely clothed with short greenish- yellow pubescence ; the scape in front and the flagellum beneath yel- low ; a yellow line down the middle of the clypeus, and its anterior margin narrowly yellow. The wings subhyaline, with the margins broadly fuscous, and having a beautiful violet iridescence ; the tip of the abdomen and the posterior tarsi within rufo-fulvous pubescence* Hab. Menado. 3. Xylocopa diversipes. X^ capite, thorace, abdominis basi, pe- dibus anticis et medianis fulvo-hirtis, abdominis dorso medio, pedibus posticis nigris ; abdominis apice rufescenti-fulvo hirto ; tibiis posticis apice rufo-hirtis ; alis obscure hyalinis apice fuscis et violaceo irides- centibus. Male. Length 12 lines. Black ; the head, thorax, base of the abdomen, and the anterior and intermediate legs clothed with fulvous pubes- cence ; that on the intermediate tarsi rufo-fulvous, and forming a long fringe ; the clypeus, a spot above it, the scape in front, and flagellum beneath, yellow ; the wings subhyaline ; the margins of the wings fuscous, with a beautiful violet iridescence, the nervurcs ferrugi- nous. The apical half of the second segment of the abdomen, and the third, fourth, and fifth, clothed with black pubescence ; the apical seg- ments with bright fulvous-red pubescence ; the posterior legs clothed with black pubescence the tarsi beneath with bright rufo-fulvous. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 4. Xylocopa perforator. X. nitida nigra; alis nigro-fuscis viola- ceo splendide micantibus (faemina). Thorace antice pube cinerea tecto ; tarsis anterioribus dilatatis (mas). Female. Length 14 lines. Black, and slightly shining; the face with scattered punctures; the thorax finely punctured anteriorly, and with a longitudinally impressed line which terminates at the middle of the disk ; the wings dark brown, with a splendid violet iridescence ; 62 ME. F. SMITH OS HTMENOPTEEOTJS INSECTS the legs with black pubescence. Abdomen broad, depressed, finely punctured, its margins fringed with black pubescence. Male. Length 12 lines. Like the female, with the following differences : the eyes very large, nearly touching on the vertex ; the clypeus trian- gular, the anterior margin fringed with short pale pubescence ; the thorax clothed in front with short cinereous pubescence ; the an- terior tarsi dilated, fringed with black pubescence behind ; beneath it is nearly white ; the wings narrow, pointed at their apex equally bril- liant as those of the female ; the posterior femora curved, and, as well as the tarsi, fringed with black pubescence. Hab. Ternate. This species is very distinct from X. latipes : the scape of the antennae is perfectly cylindric; the anterior tarsi are not so broadly dilated, are clothed above with short black hair, and with long hair of the same colour at their margins ; the clypeus entirely black. It is also quite distinct from the X. Latreillii of St. Fargeau. Gen. Anthophoea, Latr. 1. Anthophora zonata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 955. Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian ; Dory ; Celebes ; Aru ; Borneo ; Ceylon ; India ; Java ; Hong Kong ; Shanghai ; Philippine Islands. 2. Anthophora vigilans. Smith, Supp. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. p. 92. Hab. Makassar; Menado; Celebes. Gen. Apis, Aucf. 1. Apis socialis, Latr. Voy. Humb. ^ Bonap. i. 288. 8. tab. 19. fig. 9. Hab. Bengal; Java; Malabar; Ternate. Fam. ICHNEUMONID^, Zeach. Gen. Ichneumon, Linn. 1. Ichneumon PALLIDIPECTUS. I. ferrugineus; capite thoraceque flavo-variegatis, mesothorace et capitis vertice nigris ; abdominis apice albo, segmento 5 nigro. Length 6 lines. Fen-uginous ; the head yellow ; a quadrate spot on the vertex and head behind black ; the antennae with four or five of the middle joints white above, the terminal joints fulvous beneath. Tho- rax : the mesothorax black above, beneath pale testaceous ; the an- terior and intermediate coxae and trochanters, a large spot beneath the wings, the posterior margin of the prothorax, the tegulae and scu- tellum, yellow ; the wings hyaline ; the apical joints of the tarsi fus- cous. Abdomen shining, the two apical segments white, the fifth black. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). OF CEEAM, CELEBES, TERITATE, AND GILOLO. 63 Gen, Mesostenus, BrulU. 1. Mesostenus DECORATUS. M. uiger, capite thoraceque maculis, abdominis fasciis flavo-albidis ; pedibus ferrugineis, tarsis posterioribus albis ; alis hyalinis. Female. Length 5 lines. Black ; the face, mandibles, and orbits of the eyes of a yellowish white ; the antennae with seven or eight joints towards the apex white, the two apical ones black. Thorax : the posterior margin of the prothorax interrupted in the middle; the teguljE, scutellum, post-scutellum, a spot in the disk of the mesotho- rax, the sides and apex of the metathorax, yellowish white ; the coxae are of the same colour, with a black line outside the posterior pair ; the femora and tibise pale ferruginous ; the posterior tarsi white, the two anterior pairs dusky. Abdomen : the posterior margin of all the segments white, the apical segment entirely so. Hab. Gilolo. Gen. CsTPTTJS, Fair. 1. Cryptus sicarius. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 138. 1. Hab. Gilolo; Dory; Bachian. 2. Cryptus ferrugineus. C. rufo-ferrugineus, capite thoraceque nigro-variegatis, abdominis cingulis duabus nigris ; alis flavo-hyalinis. Female. Length 8 lines. Rufo-ferruginous ; the vertex with a qua- drate spot, and the tips of the mandibles black. Thorax : the meso- thorax above, its sides, the pectus, and extreme base of the metatho- rax black ; a yellow ovate spot in the middle of the mesothorax ; an indistinct fuscous spot on each side of the metathorax above ; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous ; the sub-marginal areolet large. Abdomen : the basal margin of the third segment, and a transverse black stripe on the seventh segment towards its base, black. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). Gen. Ophion, Fair. I. Ophion unicolor, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Supp. v. 141. 2. Hab. Gilolo ; Bachian. Gen. Ehtssa, Grav. 1. Rhyssa nobilitator. jr. capite flavo, vertice nigro, thorace fer- nigineo scabriusculo, scutello flavo ; abdomine nigro, segmentis pos- tice rufo-marginatis, primo et sccundo, dorso, flavo-maculatis, tertio, quarto et quinto maculis duabus flavis ; alis hyalinis, basi flavescente, anticis vitta abbreviata fusca ante apicem ornatis. Female. Length of the body 9 lines, of the ovipositor 13 lines. Head yellow, with the vertex, mandibles and a small ovate spot on the cly- pcus black ; the antennse ferruginous, slightly fuscous above, with 64 MR. F. SMITH OS nTMENOPTEROUS INSECTS three or four joiuts, white about one-third from the apex. Thorax and legs ferruginous ; the thorax rugose above ; the scutellum, a spot on the metathorax above, the apical portion of the sides, an irregular- shaped mark beneath the wings, and the coxte in front or with marks on the sides, yellow; wings flavo-hyaline, with a dark fuscous oblong macula crossing the middle of the marginal cell and terminating in a point at the inferior margin of the discoidal cell. Abdomen shining black ; a bell-shaped mark in the middle of the first and second seg- ments, and a large subovate spot on each side of the three following, with a narrow line at the sides of the sixth, yellow ; the ovipositor black, its sheaths ferruginous . The male is feiTUginous, with the head yellow, the vertex black ; the thorax roughly striated transversely ; the metathorax above and the abdomen smooth and shining; the wings as in the female. Hah. Celebes (Tondano). Gren. Xtlonomus, Grav. 1. Xylonomus flavifrons. X. capite thoraceque nigris flavo varie- gatis, pedibus abdomineque ferrugineis, alis hyalinis iridescentibus. Female. Length 6 lines, of the ovipositor 6 lines. Head and thorax black ; the face, cheeks, and orbits of the eyes yellow ; the antennae black, with the base of the flagellum beneath fulvous. The posterior margin of the prothorax, a line over the tegula;, a quadrate spot on the disk of the mesothorax, the scutellum, and metathorax yellow ; the disk of the mesothorax transversely striated ; a spot beneath the wings and the coxae yellow ; the femora and tibiaj splashed with yel- low ; the wings hyaline and iridescent. The abdomen smooth and shining, ferruginous, with the margins of the segments of a darker hue ; the ovipositor black, its valves ferruginous. Hab. Gilolo. Gen. Epixoeides. Head subglobose, antennae slender and elongate ; thorax oblong subcylin- dric ; scutellum flat and quadrate ; the anterior wings with one elongate marginal cell pointed at the base and apex ; the apical submarginal eel- transverse at the base ; the apical nervure of the discoidal cell suban- gular, with an abbreviated nervure emanating from the point of the angle. Abdomen petiolated ; the legs slender and elongate. This fine species does not appear to belong, strictly, to either the genus Xorides or Xylonomus, but rather to form a new genus intermediate be- tween them ; the neuration of the wings is very like that of the genera above-mentioned : a reference to the figure will show the diflFerence. 1. Epixorides chalybeator. E. nigro-chalybeus, fronte facieque subchalybeis, genis verticeque rufescentibus ; alis subviolaceis, stig- mate parvulo pallido, metathorace quadricarinato ; pedibus anticis rufescentibus, intermediis et posticis nigro-violaceis. Male. Length 11 lines. Head ferruginous, with the face chalybeous; OF CERAM, CELEBES, TERNATE, AND QILOLO. 05 the thorax, coxae, aud abdomen bright chalybeous, the tibiie and tarsi nigro-chalybeoiis ; the thorax transversely rugose ; the metathorax with four longitudinal carinje, the intermediate pair closely approx- imating, the whole transversely rugose ; the apex of the metathorax with a short tooth or spine on each side of the insertion of the ab- domen. Abdomen petiolated, the three basal segments with several oblique and curved depressions. Hab. Ceram. Fara. BEACONID^, Westiv. Gren. Bracon, Fahr. 1. Bracon jaculatus. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. p. 141. 2. Hab. Ceram ; Bachian. 2. Bracon ingens. B. niger, capita, thorace subtus pedibusque anticis et intermediis ferrugineis ; alis nigris, maculis hyalinis. Female. Length 11 lines; ovipositor 37 lines. Black; the head fer- ruginous, with the region of the ocelli, the tips of the mandibles, and the antenna: black ; a few black hairs scattered over the face and on the scape in front. Thorax smooth and shining, ferruginous beneath, as well as the anterior aud intermediate legs ; the metathorax with a thin, erect, black pubescence ; wings dark-fuscous, with a yellow sub- hyaline spot in the first submarginal cell, and a smaller clear hyaline one beneath it; the posterior wings have also a subhyaline yellow spot in the middle of their anterior margin. Abdomen : the three basal segments rugose, the following smooth and shining ; the three basal segments aud the posterior legs v\'ith blnck pubescence. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). 3. Bracon (Myosoma) penetrans. B. flavo-rufus, vertice macula notato et antennis nigris ; alis flavo-hyalinis, dimidio apicali fusco. Female. Length 5 lines. Reddish yellow, the antennse and vertex black ; the body and legs thickly covered with pale-fulvous pubescence ; the face yellow; the thorax shining above; the basal half of the wings yellow, the apical half dark brown, with a narrow hyaline spot running beyond and crossing the marginal cell ; the second transverse cubital nervure with a narrow hyaline border. Abdomen : the first segment vertical, forming an angle with the rest of the abdomen ; the second segment with a tubercle in the centre of its basal margin, a smaller one at each lateral angle ; from the central tubercle a deeply impressed oblique line runs to the side of the segment about the mid- dle ; the angle thus formed on each side is smooth and shining ; the other portion of the segment is rugose ; the following segments are smooth, shining and pubescent. Hab. Ceram. Genus Agatkis, Latr. 1. Agathis sculpturalis, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 25. 1. Hab. Gilolo; Makassar. LINN. PROC. ZOOLOGY, TOL, VI. 5 66 MB. S. J. A. SALTER ON THE 2. Agathis striata. A. flavo-rufa, antennis nigris, abdotnine ni- tido, longitudinaliter striate ; alls flavo-hyalinis, dimidio apicali fusco. Female. Length 7 lines. Reddish yellow ; the head triangular ; the face pale ; the antennae black, with the scape yellow ; the basal joints of the flagelliim obscurely fulvous beneath ; thorax smooth and shining ; the basal half of the wings yellow hyaline, the apical half dark brown, with a minute hyaline spot below the stigma in the middle of the wing. Abdomen : the three basal segments and the base of the fourth evenly striated longitudinally. Hab. Gilolo. Gren. Cenoccelius, Holiday. 1. Cenocoelius cephalotes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 65. 1. Sab. Gilolo ; Celebes. Fam. TENTHEEDINID^, Leaeh. Gren. Cladomaoba, Smith. 1. Cladomacra macropus. Smith, Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1860, vi. 267. Hab. Celebes (Tondano). ERRATA. Several changes in the numbering of the objects that illustrate this paper having been made since the first sheet was printed, the following corrections of the references must be attended to. The numbers refer to figures of the scale of the abdomen of the different specie^. Figs. 6 and 7, Polyrhacliis Orsyllus. Fig. 21, P. Hippomanes. Figs. 12 and 12a, P. Diaphanfus. Fig. 23, P. Lycidas. Figs. 15 and 20, P. MutilicB. Fig. 24, P. Eurytus. Fig. 16, P. exasperatus. Fig. 25, P. Numeria. On the Cranial Characters of the Snake-Rat, new to the British Fauna. By S. James A. Salter, M.B., F.L.S., F.G.S. [Read April 7th, 1859.] The Society will doubtless recollect that last year* I exhibited at one of our meetings two living rats, one of which I believed to be new to the British Fauna— at least, new so far as that till then it had been unrecognized and undescribed as distinct. The other was a specimen of the old English Black E-at (Mus rattus) ; and this was shown, not on its own account, but for contrast and com- parison. And I selected the Black Eat for this comparison because it so much more closely resembles the new one than does the * May 6th, 1858. Joum.Iinn. Sac YolYl. H.I . LriarrL SiSn^mved' i>y F. Smith. . CRANIAL CHABACTEKS OF THE SNAKE-EAT. 67 Brovra ^at (Mus decumanus) , which is quite diiFerent. If there- fore the new rat is a mere variety of either of the two species which have been long known as members of the British mamma- lian fauna, and which liave always been considered specifically distinct, it must be deemed a variety of Mus rattus ; but I claim for it distinctive characters separating it from that rat, quite as marked as those which distinguish the Brown from the old English Black Eat. Indeed Mus decumanits more nearly resembles Mus rattus than does the new rat. It was suggested to me, at the time I exhibited the living specimens, that an appeal must be made to the cranial characters of each, before the distinctness and the degree of distinctness between the two could be established. The result of this investigation I now give to the Society. On the table are the skulls of the identical rats that were for- merly exhibited — two adult males ; and I have also some enlarged outline drawings (from which the accompanying woodcuts were taken) showing the salient peculiarities of each cranium. The Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Top view of Cranium of Snake-Rat. Enlarged two diameters. Top riew of Cranium of Mus rattun. Enlarged two diameters. 5* . 68 MR. S. J. A. SALTER ON THE distinctive differences are considerable and many : some of the principal I will enumerate. By reference to the accompanying figures they will be easily recognized ; and the drawings have been rendered twice life-size to make the distinctions more con- spicuous. The proportions have been retained with scrupulous care*. Commencing with a top view of the skull, the nasal bone is seen in Mus rattus to be broad and obtuse at its anterior extremity, bulging out somewhat suddenly ; whereas in the other skull it is more pointed, and it increases from behind forwards by an even line. In Mus rattus the infra-orhital foramina are nearly twice as large as those in the other skull, while the interval between these foramina is barely more than half, showing a much larger nasal capacity in the new rat. In the latter the zygomatic arches are nearly straight ; in the former they are much bowed. 'Yhe fronto- parietal suture is crescentic in the new rat ; it is nearly straight in Mus rattus. In the former there is a strongly marked cres- centic ridge for muscular attachment passing across the parietal bones ; this is totally wanting in the latter. The lambdoidal suture in the new rat is truly lambdoidal ; in the other it is an irregular wavy line passing across the skull. In this view of the cranium the molar teeth are visible in Mus rattus, whereas they are hidden in the other skull. But the most important and weighty distinction between the two skulls is the size and form of the foramen magnum occipitale, as seen on the posterior view of the cranium. In the new rat the foramen is nearly circular, with two small lateral notches, and comparatively small ; in the old Black Eat it is oval, with a central curved notch above, broad from side to side, and very large. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Posterior view of Cranium of £he Snake-Rat. Enlarged two diameter 8. Posterior view of Cranium of Mus rattus. Enlarged two diameters. * I am indebted to my brother, Dr. Hyde Saltei", F.R.S., for these accurate drawings. CRANIAL CHARACTEttS OF THE SNAKE- BAT. 69 The circumstance which gives especial weight to this diiierence in the occipital foramina of the two skulls is that it involves a corresponding diflference in the large nervous centre (the medulla oblongata) which occupies the foramen. I conceive that osteal characters or forms associated with corresponding modifications of any portion of the nervous system are of first-class importance. This would especially apply, in the case I am considering, to the foramen magnum occipitale : the same principle would hold good, in a minor degree, as to the differences already mentioned in the infra-orbital foramina, which transmit the nerves distributed to the tactile organs about the mouth. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Under view of Cranium of Suake- Under view of Cranium of Mtts Eat, minus the lower jaw. En- raltiis, miaus the lower jaw. larged two diameters. Enlarged two diameters On the under surface of the skulls there are further distinctive differences. In the new rat the foramen ovale is hid by the lateral spreading of the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone ; in the Black E-at it is exposed. The breadth of tlie* palate, the size of 70 ME. S. J, A. SA.LTEE ON THE the posterior nares, the position of the incisor teeth are all differ- ent ; but these characters and other minor ones will be better appreciated by referring to the specimens themselves and the illustrations. I have not thought it vrorth while to figure or describe com- paratively the skull of Mus dec-umanus. I may mention, however, that it is very distinct from that of the new rat ; indeed it is more like the skull of Mus rattus. The common Brown Eat's skull is rather longer and slenderer than either of the others ; it is nar- rower across the cerebral region, and does not there bulge out in so rounded a form, but is more oblong. The two ridges which pass backwards from the frontal bone, at the top of the zygomatic fossae, scarcely extend to the parietal bones in the new rat ; in Mus rattus they diverge and bow out in a crescentic form over the parietal bones, whereas in Mus decumanus they pass back sharp, rigid and parallel. The foramen magnum occipitale is even more extended laterally than in Mus rattus : it is not so deep vertically, and has not the crescentic notch in the centre of its upper outline. In the skull of Mus decumanus there is a little process projecting backwards from the front angle of the zygomatic fossae ; I have found it in every skull of the Brown Eat I have examined : it does not exist in either of the others. Blasius, in his ' Fauna of the Mammalia of Central Europe,' gives an admirable figure of the skull oi Mus decumanus (fig. 171, page 310) : it is critically correct, and has all the distinctive characters which mark the cranium of this rat.* I am fully aware that too much importance shoiild not be attached to observations made on single specimens ; and I am aware, too, that allowance should be made for the possibilities of individual variety. I regret that I have been unable to multiply my specimens ; but it is difficult to obtain many, either of the Black Eat or the Snake-Eat. I have reason, however, to think that the different kinds of rats are not liable among themselves to any very marked individtial varieties in the anatomical characters of their crania. I have had opportunities of examining enormous numbers of the common Brown Eat's skull. The crania have been all exactly alike : Blasius's figure might have been copied from any one of them. Again, the differences between the two skulls I have contrasted are of such importance, and so grave, that they seem inconsistent with mere variety : indeed I am not aware that * Fauna der Wirbelthiere Deutschlands &c., Naturgeschichte der Sauge- thiere, von J. H. Blasius. 1857. CEANIAL OHAEACTEKS OF THE SNAKE-BAT. 71 any animals, not domesticated, are ever liable to such individual differences in the most important osteological characters as these skulls have exhibited. "Whether this rat has long been an inhabitant of this country — whence imported, if imported (which I think most likely) — are questions that 1 cannot at present answer. The rat corresponds very closely with the Mus Alexandrinus of Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, and will very probably turn out to be the same. It has been known for many years to those who trade in rats for sporting purposes, but has probably been hitherto confounded by scientific men with the old Black Eat of this country. Note. — Since the foregoing was written, I have had reason to conclude that the Snake-Eat is certainly the same species, race, or variety as was first described by Geoffroy St. Hilaire under the name " Mus Alexandrinus.^'' But at the same time my further investiga- tions into this subject have convinced me that our knowledge of the rats of Great Britain, or of rats in general, is not so satisfactory or definite as descriptions in works on Natural History woxild lead U8 to suppose. Undoubtedly, characteristic specimens of M. rattus, M. decumanus and M, Alexandrinus may be obtained ; but there are intermediate forms in endless variety, as any one may satisfy himself by an inspection of the cages of a rat-catcher after his visit to the rat-homes about the docks of London. There can be no question that the typical forms enumerated above as three species are constantly being merged and reduced, under favouring con- ditions, by interbreeding : the most superficial observation of many specimens will convince any one of this fact. This circum- stance was demonstrated some years since at the Zoological Gar- dens, Eegent's Park. Some individuals of Mus Alexandrinus, which had been sent from Alexandria, got loose in the gardens ; and for a long time afterwards the keepers frequently caught cross-bred rats, at first half-breds, and afterwards with less and less of the character of the Snake-Eat, till at length all traces of it dis- appeared. In the language of horse-breeders, the new " strain of blood " was " bred out " or eliminated, or, more correctly, it was overpowered by the repeated crossing always on the line of the common Brown Eat. Had the circumstance been reversed and a few of the Mus decumanus had escaped among a multitude of M. Alexandrinus, the characters of the latter would have undoubtedly prevailed in the end. The capacity for interbreeding appears to be endless and indefinite. 72 MB. SALTER ON THE CRANIUM OF THE SNAKE-RAT. There are sorts of rats which will not come within the cate- gory of those recognized, or as their intermediate crosses. We have in this country a black rat with a white chest : in the British Museum are two stuffed rats, chestnut-coloured, with white breasts, which were captured in Cambridgeshire. The dis- tinguished Irish naturalist, Mr. William Thompson, has described a black rat with a white chest as a new species, under the name of J/?(s Hihernicus. On the occasion of the reading of my paper on the cranium of the Snake-Eat, it was suggested by Mr. Lubbock that it might be a " variety " ot one of our other rats. Subsequently, in a discussion in the ' Field ' newspaper *, by which a great deal of interesting information respecting rats was brought out, Mr. Newman put forward the idea that these cosmopolitan rodents are, in their differences, not so many species, but mere "geographical races ;" and I am much inclined to believe that this is the truth of the matter. Certainly if interbreeding and a resultant fertile offspring determine the specific identity of varying individuals, there is an end of the question. The different rats do interbreed and their progeny are fruitful for any length of time and any number of generations. Eats hold a curious intermediate position between wild and do- mestic animals. They are not absolutely either, and they are both. They are wild as they are their own masters and roam at will : they approach a domestic condition inasmuch as they are nearly always associated with man and are indirectly dependent on him for their food. Eats are cosmopolitan — they inhabit almost if not quite every region where the human race dwells. In viola- tion, or at least not in keeping with their dentition and organs of primary assimilation, rats are omnivorous : they can live entirely on animal food — they even resort to the predaceous habits of car- nivora ; or they may have the barest vegetable diet for their sole sustenance. Such constitutional capabilities and such adaptability of habit afford wonderful conditions for the development of races. Mus Alexandrinus appears to be spreading all over the world ; its extreme agility and the ready way in which it accommodates itself to ship-board naturally tend to such a result. Besides the Eastern localities where it was first found, according to Blasius it was observed by Savi in Italy in 1825, and named by him Mus tectorum ; it was found by Pictet near Geneva in 1841, and described by him under the title of Mus leucogaster ; * For September 8th and 15tli, 1860. MR. BATES ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF THE AMAZON. 73 Blasius states that be bimself saw it at Antibes in tbe soutb of France, and be repeatedly obtained it from tbe Alps in south- eastern France. It has also been taken at Stuttgard ; and Eiippell mentions that it has been sent to him from America. In this country it has long been known to rat-catchers in the neighbour- hood of tbe docks both in London and Liverpool. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Yalley. — Lepi- doptera : — Heliconince. By H. W. Bates, Esq. Communi- cated by George Busk, Esq., Sec. L.S, Abstract. [Eead Nov. 21st, 1861.] The author, who founds his memoir on personal observations made on the banks of the Amazon, commenced by defining tbe limits of the group. It comprises a number of strangely formed butterflies peculiar to tropical America. Its relations to the allied groups, Danaincd, Acrceince, and true Nymphalince, are of a peculiar nature, as it contains two essentially distinct types of form, the one having an affinity with the Danaince, the other with tbe AcrceincE, or with the Argynnide group of Nymplialincs. As, however, all authors have combined them into a district family, and they are homogeneous in external aspect, they will be treated as sections only of the sub-family, viz. Danoid and Acrseoid Helico- nincB, instead of referring them, one to the Danaince, and the other to the AcrceincB, and thus sinking the group Heliconince. This view of their affinities throws great light on the affiliation of the forms — an object to which all efforts in systematic zoology ob- scurely tend. The Danainw and Acrceince are common to the hot zones of both hemispheres ; and the Heliconince being the highest development of the common type, it resiilts that the latter reaches its highest development in the tropics of the new world. The species are most numerous where the forests are most extensive and humid. They are characteristic of their region, and, like the Platyrrhine monkeys, the arboreal Gallinacea {Penelopidce and Cra- cidce), and other groups, point to the gradual adaptation, during an immense lapse of time, of the fauna to a forest-clad country. Two hundred and eighty-four species have already been described ; but every coUection made in a newly explored part yields several new ones. In some of the genera they are coufined to very limited areas, the species being found to change in the uniform country of the Upper Amazon from one locality to another not further re- 74 MB. H. TV". BATES ON THE INSECT FAUNA moved than one hundred to two hundred miles. Such species, how- ever, have often the character of local varieties, some of them indeed showing the connecting links. From facts observed, it would seem that the excessive multiplication together with the distinctness of the species were owing to their great susceptibility of modification, combined with the habit in pairing of selecting none but their exact counterparts, and probably other causes tend- ing to eliminate the intermediate gradations. The species are mostly extremely numerous in individuals, and show every sign of flourishing existence, although they are of feeble structure, and fly slowly in exposed situations frequented by swarms of insec- tivorous animals. They are gregarious in habits, the individuals of the same species and clusters of closely allied species being found in company restricted to limited spots in the forest. They are often seen in pairs or small parties, apparently engaged in a kind of dance. The large handsome species are so numerous in some places that they form part of the physiognomy of the localities. The only secondary sexual characters are tufts of hairs on the fore margin of the hind wing in the males of most of the Acrseoid group. These appear to be of no particular utility, but are apparently analogous to the pencil of hairs on the breast of the male turkey. The allied group, Danaince, afibrd a similar fea- ture, the males having a horny excrescence on the disk of the hind wing, which is evidently homologous with the structure above de- scribed. The most interesting part of the natural history of the HeliconincB is the mimetic analogies of which they seem to be the objects. This involves questions of the highest scientific interest. Many of the species are mimicked by members of widely distant groups, e.g. Papilio and Leptalis (Papilionidce), Itliomeis {Ery- cinidce), Castnia (Castniadce), Dioptis, Pericopis, Syelosia, &c. {Boinbycidcd moths). It is fair to conclude that they are the objects imitated, because they all have the same family facies, whilst the analogous species are dissimilar to their nearest allies — perverted, as it were, from the normal facies of their genera or families. The mimicking species are found in company with the Heliconinae ; and it often happens, where these latter are modified into local varieties, species or local varieties of the former in an analogous dress also occur with them. A parallel series of imitaA tions occurs in the old-world tropics, where it is the represen-l tatives of the HeliconincB that are the objects imitated. The instance of this kind of analogy most familiar to European ento- mologists is that of the species of Trochilium (a genus of moths), OF THE AMAZO:^ VALLEY. 76 which mimic strangely various bees, wasps, and other Hymeno- pterous and Dipterous insects. The Heliconincs, however, mimic j each other to a great extent — the parallel species belonging to ' quite distinct genera. In this case also, when the species present local varieties, the analogues are modified in precisely the same way, so that two or three species belonging to different genera resemble each other so much that they can scarcely be distin- guished except by their generic characters. Endless instances of these imitative resemblances occur in entomology. Why they are so plentiful and amazingly exact in insects, whilst so rare and vague in the higher animals, is perhaps owing to the higher degree of specialization attained by the insect class, which is shown also by the perfection of their adaptive structures and instincts. Their being more striking and numerous in tropical than in temperate countries is perhaps attributable to the more active competitive life and the more rapid succession of the gene- rations in the former than in the latter. The meaning of these ) analogies is not difficult to surmise. In the first place, they cannot be entirely the result of similarity of habits or external physical conditions necessitating similar external dress. They are of the same nature as the assimilation of an insect or other animal in superficial appearance to the vegetable or inorganic substance on which it lives. The likeness of a beetle or lizard to the bark of the tree on which it crawls cannot be explained as an identical result produced by a common cause acting on the tree and the animal : one is evidently adapted to the other. The in- finite variety of resemblances between insects and plants or inor- ganic substances — between predaceous animals and their victims — the adaptation of organs or functions to the objects or habits they relate to — are all of the same nature. They are adaptations either of the whole outward dress or special parts, all having in view the welfare of the creatures that possess them. Every species in nature may be looked upon as maintaining its existence by virtue of some endowment enabling it to withstand the host of adverse circumstances by which it is surrounded. The means by which the existence of species is maintained are of endless diversity ; and amongst them may be reckoned the resemblance of an other- wise defenceless species to another whose flourishing race shows that it possesses peculiar advantages. The Jleliconince, by the great number of their individuals, show themselves to be a favoured family. It is not easy to discover anything in their structure or habits which might give them an advantage. There 76 MR. H. W. BATES ON THE INSECT FAUNA is some cause to believe that they are unpalatable to insectivorous animals — at least the Acrceoid group. This would not explain, however, the numerous mutual resemblances of the Heliconince. All that we can say is, that some species are more successful in the battle of life than others, and that it is an advantage to others not otherwise provided for if they are brought to be deceptively similar to them. The process by which this is brought about in nature is a problem involved in the wider one of the origin of all species and all adaptations. There are some curious facts, however, in the geographical distribution of the species and varieties of certain members of the genus Leptalis which throw great light on the subject, at least as far as the Leptalides are concerned, which offer perhaps the most remarkable cases of mimicry. It would appear by these faets that a mimetic species has not always existed under the same specific mimetic dress which it now wears, as the following example shows. Leptalis Lysinoe in one district is very variable, but none of its varieties mimics very closely a Heliconine species there residing ; they rather tend to imitate species of Stalactis — another flourishing group belonging to a different family ; but a few individuals occur intermediate in cha- racter, and quite uncertain in their analogies. In another district, again, this species is very variable, and some of the varieties "are indeterminate in their analogies, but the greater number resemble to deception one or other of tliree species of Itlioinia, amongst which only they are found, and from which they are quite undi- stinguishable, except when closely examined in the hand. In a third locality this Leptalis is found under one form only, distinct from any of the varieties occurring elsewhere, but mimicking closely an Ithomia also found there and not in the other two districts. Thus we see that, although the changes a species undergoes, first simply variable, and then presenting local varieties closely mimicking other forms, cannot be watched in nature as they take place suc- cessively, they can be seen as it were simultaneously by tracing them over the area of its distribution. Leptalis Lysinoe is a species of great rarity, and therefore liable to complete extinction. It seems fair to conclude that, as the Ithomice which it mimics are certainly spared by the swarms of insectivorous birds which daily sweep through their abodes, the Leptalis, not being so favoured, escapes destruction by wearing the livery of the Itliomice. It may be added that the family to which Leptalis belongs (L'ieridce) are certainly much persecuted by insectivorous animals. As, then, the Lepialis varies from one locality to another, some few of its varia- OP THE AMAZON VALLET. 77 tions being of uncertain character, it seems evident that when the mimicry is complete the indeterminate and intermediate grades of variation have been eliminated by insectivorous animals. The Leptalides have probably been subjected to this untiring persecu- tion, even to the verge of extermination, in each successive gene- ration throughout an immense lapse of time. By living in the vicinity of other species free from the same persecution, and being already similar to them in general appearance, this latter being inherited through a long line of ancestors which have been more or less subjected to similar conditions, such of their varieties as nearest resembled the protected species would escape destruction and thus alone propagate tlieir kind. General resemblances between forms may be owing in some cases to similar habits, or to such general causes as have produced what are called recurrent animal forms ; this general resemblance must exist before the causes which produce mimetic analogies can come into play. It must be remarked that some of the exact resemblances already alluded to between species of Heliconince seem not to be owing to the adaptation of one to the other, but rather (as they have a real affinity, the genera to which they belong being throughout very similar in colours and all equally flourishing) to the similar adap- tation of all to the same external local conditions. The check which acts by destroying the indeterminate variations in these cases would not be the same as in Leptalis ; in other respects, however, the same law of nature appears, namely, the selection of one or more distinct varieties by the elimination of intermediate gradations. It may be remarked also that a mimetic species need not always be a rare one, although that is very generally the case : it may be prolific, or its persecution may be intermitted when the disguise is complete. The operation of checks successively eliminating variations unfavourable to a species, as thus explained, produces the impression of a stimulus impelling an advance of organization in a special direction. This apparent direct advance suggests the only other scientific explanation that could be sug- gested, viz. the operation of volition or an innate tendency in the creatvires themselves to become gradually assimilated to other forms, and thus acquire a disguise favourable to the species. On examination, however, this explanation is found to be untenable, and the appearances which suggest it illusory. Those who earnestly desire a rational explanation must arrive at the conclusion that these apparently miracvdous but always beautiful and wonderful mimetic resemblances, like every other kind of adaptation in beings, are brought about by causes similar to those here discussed. 78 OCCTJERENCE OF SCTLLARUS ABCTUS IN ENGLAND. Note on the Occurrence of the Crustacean Scyllarus Arctus in England. By Jonathan Couch, Esq., E.L.S. [Read Dec. 5, 1861.] The Scyllarus Arctus has been of too rare occurrence in Britain to have acquired an English name ; and, indeed, it appears uncer- tain whether hitherto its existence on our shores has ever been placed beyond a doubt. It has been said that one example, and perhaps two, have been found in Mount's Bay, in Cornwall ; but as the same authority reports it to have its residence in shallow water, where it lives in a burrow formed by itself, and we have proof that it has been carefully sought for in vain in the district referred to, there seems to have been some reason hitherto for retaining a distrust of the evidence which could only rest on the supposed occurrence of examples twice in the space of a hundred years. This difficulty, however, can no longer be felt ; and I have the satisfaction of reporting to the Linnean Society the occvirrence of a specimen, which was obtained at a distance of about a couple of leagues from this place (Polperro). The discovery itself is due to the diligence of Mr. WiUiam Laughrin, A.L.S., whose practice of examining the stomachs of fishes has been long continued, and for scarce specimens of Crustaceans highly successful ; but it was only at the beginning of this present November (1861) that he was so fortunate as to find the Crustacean here mentioned. It was in the stomach of a Cod, which was taken with a line by a fisherman of Polperro, at the depth of about forty fathoms ; and from this depth of water we learn that this Crustacean is not so entirely, if at all, an inhabitant near the shore and in shallow water, as has been supposed. This example of a rare Crustacean had suffered very slightly from the digestive action of the stomach ; and in its prison it had for its companions two specimens of Alpheus ruher — a species which appears to exist in considerable numbers on the ground frequented by the codfish at the depth above specified. On a New Genus of Tunicata occurring on one of the Bellona Eeefs. By John Denis Macdonald, E.N., F.E.S., Surgeon of H.M.S. ' Icarus.' (Communicated by the Secretary.) [Read Dec. 5, 1861.] Amongst many interesting objects of natural history obtained by H.M.S. * Herald ' during her visit to the Bellona Eeefs (lat. 21° MK. MACDOKALD ON A NEW GENUS OF TUNIC AT A. 79 51' S., long. 159° 28' E.) was a very remarkable Ascidian, which, as it appears to be quite new, merits brief notice. The external appearance of the animal so much resembled the nidamental case of some large Gasteropod, affixed to a block of coral, that no suspicion of its real nature was entertained until it had been minutely examined. Soon, however, it was ascertained that within a thin coriaceous test, fashioned like a snuff-box, with a perfectly applied lid, a little tunicary was en- closed, enjoying the power of opening and closing the operculum or door of its retreat at will. The case (figs. 1 & 2) was about ^ an inch in length, and over | of an inch in breadth, though rather fuller in front than behind. The attached side was flat (fig. 2), but the free surface (equivalent to the right side of the recumbent animal) was convex and rounded ((?) ; so that the aperture at the anterior end presented a D-shaped or semicircular figure (fig. 4) ; and this was accurately fitted with a lid of a corresponding shape. The free margin of both the aper- ture and the lid was beset with minute and rigid spines, having an inward curvature protecting the entrance from invasion. In con- tinuity with these margins a thin layer of test-substance was traceable as a kind of conjunctiva (fig. 4 c), upon the anterior part of the contained animal, to the borders of the branchial (d) and cloacal openings (e), which occupied the same plane in the mouth of the cell, being merely divided by a narrow transverse depression. Both these openings were simple though somewhat puckered in the contracted state, and encircled at a little distance from the free edge by a broad band of pale-red pigment. The mantle was closely applied to the inner surface of the test, without, however, giving off any palliovascular processes. A dark- coloured reticulation, visible through the outer epithelium, marked off the distribution of the blood-vessels ; and the disposition of the internal organs was traceable through the semitransparent tissues (% 3). Not wishing to destroy the specimen, I did not determine the arrangement of its respiratory membrane ; but I observed that the branchial orifice was guarded by a circle of simple tentacula (fig. 4d). The oesophagus was short, soon opening into a subglobular stomach with thick glandular walls thrown into longitudinal folds. The intestine proceeded from the posterior end of the stomach, around which it turned inferiorly, and having coursed forwards to within a short distance of the cloacal opening, it ended in the vent. 80 mi. MACDONA^LB ON A NEW GENUS OF TUNIC ATA. Fis. 2. -1. Fis. 3 ME. MACDONALU ON A NEW GENUS OF TUNTCATA. 81 The heart (fig. 3 d) lay in front of the stomach, extending into the interval between that organ and the oesophagus. The follicles of the testicle skirted the convexity of the intes- tinal curve, and immediately superficial to these were the sacculi of the ovarium. The ducts, however, converged from the hollow of the intestinal loop, and led forwards beside the rectum (fig. 3 c). Perophora is a pouch-bearer ; but the present genus, being a little pouch in itself, may be called Pera ; and the species Huxleyi, after one who, above all English observers, has added most to our precise knowledge of the Tunicata. The original specimen from which this imperfect description was taken is now in the possession of Professor Huxley ; and I may mention, in conclusion, that Professor Claparede suggested to me the existence of a similar operculate condition of the test in the case of the so-called house of AppeiidicuJaria, in which, how- ever, I believe each aperture is furnished with a distinct valve. REFERENCES TO THE FIGURES. Fig. 1. Front view of the animal with the lid closed. Fig. 2. Side view of ditto (nat. size). Fig. 3. Posterior view magnified, with a portion of the test removed to show the internal organs. „ a. Mantle detached from the test below. „ h. Stomach. „ c. Intestine. „ d. Heart. „ e. Testicular foUicles. „ /. Ovarium. „ g. Ducts. Fig. 4. Front view magnified, with the operculum thrown open. „ a. Operculum. „ b. Body of the cell. „ c. Conjunctive membrane. „ d. Branchial orifice with tentacula appearing. „ e. Cloacal orifice. „ f. Occlusor muscular fibres. LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY, YOL. YI. 82 MR. F. WALKER ON HETEROCEROTJS LEPIDOPTERA Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A. E. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. By Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S, [Bead April 4, ] 861.] Fam. MGrERIlDJE, Steph. G-en. tEgeria, Fahr. 1. iEoERiA CHALYBEA, n. s. Mas. Chalybeo-cyanea, pectore et seg- uientorum abdominalium marginibus posticis argenteis, pedibus pal- lide aurato tomentosis, alls limpidis, costa veuis fimbriaque piirpureis. Male. Chalybeous blue. Pectus and sides of the thorax silvery. Ab- dominal segments with silvery hind borders. Legs with pale gilded tomentura. Wings limjiid ; costa, fringe, and veins cupreous purple. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. The specimen of this species is injured, and therefore it is not fully described. Gren. Sannika, WalTc. 2. Sannina pulchripennis, n. s. Mas. Cyanea, robusta, viridi purpureoque varia, oculis argenteo marginatis, thoracis humeris albo squamosis, calcaribus albis, alis anticis cyaneis, posticis lurido-hyalinis cyaneo marginatis. Male. Metallic blue, stout, varied with green and purple. Head silvery white about the eyes. Palpi almost vertical, not rising higher than the head. Thorax with smooth closely-applied scales ; a tuft of white scales on each in front. Abdomen nearly linear ; apical tuft rather long. Legs stout, squamous ; spiu's white. Fore wings bright me- tallic blue, tinged with purple ; costa slightly dilated towards the tip ; fringe cupreous purple like that of the hind wings. Hind wings vitreous, with a lurid tinge, bordered with metallic blue ; costa irre- gularly and veins purplish blue. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 15 lines. 3. Sannina RUFiFiNis, n, s. Mas. Cupreo-purpurea, capite argenteo, humeris albo squamosis, abdomine lateribus basi albo fasciculatis, dimidio apicali rufo, tibiis posticis nigro subfimbriatis, calcaribus albis, alis anticis viridibus apices versus purpureis, posticis lurido- vitreis. Male. Cupreous purple, in structure like the preceding species. Head silvery white in front and about the eyes. Thorax with a tuft of white scales on each side in front. Abdomen with a tuft of white hairs on each side at the base ; apical half and apical tuft bright red. Legs stout, squamous ; tibia; slightly fringed with black hairs ; spurs white. Fore wings metallic green, purple towards the tips; costa COLLECTED VT SAIIA.WAK. 83 slightly dilated towards the tip. Hind wings vitreous, with a lurid tinge ; costa irregularly, veius and friuge purple. Length of the hody 8 lines ; of the wings 15 lines. Gen. Melittia, Iliiln. 4. Melittia fasciata, n. s. Fam. Metallico-nigra, crassa, capite subtus fasciculato, abdomine fascia lata rufa, tibiis posticis nigro late fasciculatis basi albido pilosis, alis anticis nigris apices versus pallidis subaurato tomeutosis, posticis linipidis, costa venaque 1" inferiore nigro raarginatis. Female. Metallic black, very robust. Head with a thick tuft at the base of the palpi. Palpi hardly ascending higher than the verte.K ; 3rd joint lanceolate, about one-third of the length of the second. AntenntE hardly thicker exteriorly. Abdomen with a broad red band, which is mostly before the middle. Legs stout ; hind tibiae with whitish hairs at the base ; the rest broadly fringed with black hairs. Fore wings black, narrow, slightly bi'oader towards the tips ; apical part pale, with slightly gilded tomentmn. Hind wings limpid, blackish along the costa and along the 1st inferior vein. Length of the body 12 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. Gen. BoNiA, u. g. Mas. Corpus gracile. Palpi graciles, arcuati, lanceolati, ascendentes, caput superantes ; articulus 3*^' 2° non longior. Antennae dense fini- briatae. Pedes graciles, fimbriati ; femora tibiaeque apice late fim- briata. Alee opacse, perangustse. Male. Body slender. Palpi slender, curved, lanceolate, rising high above the head; 3rd joint very acute, as long as the second, and much more slender. Antennae broadly and thickly fringed, more than half the length of the body. Legs slender ; femora, tibiae, and tarsi fringed ; femora and tibiae broadly fringed towards the tips ; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings opaque and very narrow in the typical species. This genus seems to connect the ^geridse with the Tineina. 5. BoNiA UNicoLOR, n. s. Mas. Cupreo-purpurea, antennis pedi- busque nigro fimbriatis, alis peracutis. Male. Cupreous purple. Antennae and legs fringed with black hairs. Wings very acute; fringe long. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. Ttrictaca, n. g. F(em. Corpus squamosum, sat validum. Palpi graciles, ascendentes, lanceolati, subarcuati, caput non superantes ; articulus 2"' 3° valde brevior. Antennce laeves. Abdomen longi-conicum. Pedes brevius- 6* 84 MR. F. WALKER ON HETEROCEROUS LEPIDOPTERA ciili, appressi, siibdilatati, tibiis posticis densissime fasciculatis. Ala angustse, non acutae. Female. Body squamous, rather stout, and convex. Palpi slender, lanceolate, slightly curved, not rising so high as the vertex ; 3rd joint much longer than the second. Antennae simple, smooth. Abdomen elongate-conical, less than twice the length of the thorax. Legs rather short, slightly dilated, laterally flattened; hind tibiae most densely tufted, with four long spurs. Wings narrow, nearly hyaline, not acute at the tips, 6. Tyrictaca AncALis, n. s. Foem. Nigricanti-cyanea, pedibus purpureis, alis iridescentibus subhyalinis aurato subsquamosis, anticis litura magna costali subtrigona. Female. Blackish metallic blue. Legs mostly purple. Wings iri- descent, nearly hyaline, slightly covered with gilded scales. Fore wings with a large black subtriangular costal mark beyond the middle. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. Fam. SPHINGID^, Leach, Gen. Ch(erocampa, Dwponch. 7. Choerocampa Thyelia, hinn. Syst. Nat. i. 2. 803 (Sphinx). Inhabits also West Africa, South Africa, Hindostan, Ceylon, China, and Java. 8. Choerocampa Lucasii, Boisd. MSS. Walk. Cat. Lep. viii. 14L Inhabits also Hindostan. 9. Choerocampa Oldenlandiae, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 1. 370. 44 (Sphinx). Inhabits also Hindostan, Java, and Australia. 10. Choerocampa Silhetensis, Boisd. MSS. Walk. Cat. Lep. viii. 143. Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, North China, and Java. 11. Choerocampa suffusa. Walk. Cat. Lep. viii. 146. Inhabits also China. G-en. Pergesa, Walk. 12. Pergesa Castor, Boisd. MSS. (Deilephila). Walk. Cat. Lep. viii. 163. Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. Gen. Panacea, Walk. 13. Panacra scapularis, Boisd. MSS. (Sphinx). Walk. Cat. Lep. viii. 157. Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK;. 85 Gen. AcHERONTiA, Ochs. 14. Acherontia Satanas, Boisd. Hist. Nat. Lep. pi. 16. f. 1. Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, China, and Java. Gren. Daphnusa, Walk. 15. Daphnusa ocellaris, Walk. Cat. Lep. viii. 238. l(). Daphnusa orbifera, n. s. Mas. Rufescenti-cinerea, alis schis- taceo sufFusis linea exteriore cinerea angulosa non obliqua, anticis subfalcatis plaga postica exteriore testacea lineolaque adhuc exteriore transversa testacea, postieis lanuginosis macula postica picea angu- lata cano-marginata. Male. Reddish cinereous. Abdomen and under side paler. Antennae testaceous, slightly serrated. Wings with a slate-coloured bloom, which is obliquely interrupted near the base, and in the fore wings is divided from the apical part by a cinereous upright zigzag line. Fore wings subfalcate ; interior borders lightly excavated, with a tuft of short upright fawn-coloured hairs near the base, and with a large nearly round testaceous spot near the tip; this spot is connected with a marginal streak of the same hue, and between the latter and the interior angle there is a little transverse testaceous line ; under side with a piceous exterior line of lunules, and with piceous tips. Hind wings partlj' lanuginous, more reddish than the fore wings, with a piceous angular hoary-bordered spot on the somewhat truncated inte- rior angle ; interior border mostly cinereous ; under side with three blackish hues. Length of the body 18 lines ; of the wings 48 lines. Fam. AGAEISTID^, Summon. Gen. EusEMiA, Dalman. 17. EusEMiA BiJUGATA, n. s. Mus. Atra, fronte albo biguttata, oculis albo cinctis, thorace maculis quatuor anticis pallide flavis, abdo- mine fasciis sex luteis subtus luteo fascia subapicali nigra, alis anticis fasciis duabus luteis abbreviatis subexcavatis, postieis ochraceo-rufis basi fascia interrupta fasciaque marginali nigris. Male. Deep black. Head white about the eyes beneath, and with a white dot on each side of the front. Palpi with two white bauds. Thorax with four pale-yellow spots in front. Abdomen with six luteous bands ; under side luteous, with a black band near the tip. Legs piceous. Fore wings with two abbreviated slightly excavated luteous bands, the interior one much shorter than the exterior one ; these bands arc pale yellow on the under side, where there are four little white longitudinal streaks nearer the tip. Hind wings orange- red, black at the base, and with a black interrupted excavated band, which is connected by a short line with the black excavated marginal 8(5 MR. F. WALKER ON HETEROCEROUS LEPIDOPTERA band ; this on the under side contains a row of white points, of which the largest is also apparent on the upper side. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. This species comes between E. maculatrix and E. amatrix. 18. EusEMiA HESPERioiDES, n. s. FcBOT. Atra, subtus ochracea, oculis albo cinctis, abdomine ochraceo-rufo basi apiceque atro, fasci- culo apicali ochraceo, alis albo fimbriatis, anticis fascia recta sub- obliqua flavo-alba strigulisque duabus cyaneis, posticis fascia lata interiore ochraceo-rufa. Female. Deep black, ochraceous beneath. Head white about the eyes. Abdomen orange-red, deep black at the base and towards the tip, which has an ochraceous tuft. Wings with a white fringe, except towards the interior angle. Fore wings with some blue scales near the base, and with a little blue streak on each side of the straight slightly oblique yellowish-white band, which is abbreviated near the interior angle. Hind wings with a broad interior orange-red band, which widens towards the interior border. Length of the body 1 lines ; of the wings 28 lines. Very nearly allied to E. proximo, but distinct ; the fore wings have no exterior mark, and the hind wings have a broader black border. 19. EusEMiA MOLLIS, Walk. Cat. Lep. vii. 1774. Var. Mas. Nigra, vertice albo guttato, oculis albo cinctis, thorace vittis duabus albis, segmentorura abdominalium marginibus posticis basi albis apice ochraceis, ventre luteo basi apiceque nigro, alis glauco squamosis maculis duabus spatioque marginali inciso nigris maculis submar- ginalibus elongatis glauco-albidis, anticis macula interiore nigra squamis nonnullis argenteis. Var. Male. Black. Head white about the eyes, and with a white dot on the vertex. Thorax with two white stripes. Abdominal segments with white hind borders towards the base, and with ochraceous hind borders towards the tip ; underside except towards the base and tip ochraceous. Wings thickly covered with glaucous scales, with the exception of an incomplete band (which is composed of two large spots in each wing) and of the marginal space, into which the glaucous part emits broad streaks; this space contains glaucous whitish elongated spots, which are most numerous and regular in the hind wings ; fringe tipped with white. Fore wings mostly black towards the base and along the costa ; some silvery scales in the fore spot of the band and in another spot which is nearer the base. Inhabits also Hindostan and Malacca. Gen. tEgocera, Lair. 20. jEgocera postica, n. s. Mas. Rufescenti-nigra, capite vitta sulpliurea, thorace vitta alba, abdomine luteo vitta basali maculaque jtpicali nigris, alis anticis lincis transversis deviis interruptis cyaneis COLLECTEB AT SARAWAK!. 87 maculisque tri])us punctoque sulphureis, posticis basi luteis macula exteriore siilphurea. Male. Reddish black. Head with a broad sulphur stripe which extends over the fore part of the palpi. Thorax with a w hite stripe. Abdomen and legs luteous, the former with a black stripe towards the base and a black apical spot. Fore wings with irregular and interrupted metallic blue transverse lines and with three sulphur spots; middle spot second in size, and having in front of it a sulphur point. Hind wings bright luteous for somewhat less than half the surface from the base, and with a large exterior sulphur spot. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 1 6 lines. Gen. Phjegoeista, Boisd. 21. Ph^gorista catacoloides, n. s. Mas. Rufescenti-fusca, subtus lutea, abdomine luteo apice fusco, alis anticis purpurascente suffusis albo conspersis fascia exteriore lata venis annulisque duobus albis necnon maculis subtus duabus subquadratis albis lineaque submar- ginali interrupta nivea, posticis luteis gutta discali margineque fuscis. Male. Reddish brown, luteous beneath. Head in front and palpi blackish ; 3rd joint of the palpi less than half the length of the 2nd. Abdomen luteous, brown at the tip. Fore wings more reddish than the thorax, partly tinged with purplish, irregulai'ly white-speckled, with a broad exterior speckled white band which emits two oblique white streaks to the interior border, and is accompanied along its exterior side by two slightly undulating white lines ; the dark line which divides the inner white line from the band is bent hindward across the baud; veins white ; two white discal ringlets, the outer side of the exterior one formed by the band ; an irregular and much-interrupted submarginal white line, which has not the yellowish tinge of the band and of the speckles ; underside with two subquadrate discal white spots, separated by a space which corresponds with the interior ringlet above. Hind wings bright luteous, with a brown discal dot, and with a cupreous brown border which is broadest in front. Length of the body 8 hnes ; of the wings 20 lines. Fam. ZYG^NID^, Leach. Greu. Stntomis, Oclis. 22. Syntomis Schceuherri, Boisd. Mon. Zyg. 112, pl.7. fig. 1- Inhabits also Hindostan and Ceylon. 23. Syntomis tetragonaria, n. s. Mas et FcBm. Purpurascenti- nigra, capite antico luteo, thorace fasciis tribus strigisque duabus luteis, abdomine fasciis quatuor luteis, alis anticis maculis qumque luteis quadratis plus miuusve elongatis, posticis macula lutea magna basali elongata postice incisa. Male. Purplish black. Head luteous in front. Thorax with three luteous 88 ME. F. WALKER ON HETEROCEROUS LEPIUOPTERA bands aud with two luteous humeral stripes. Abdomen with four luteous bands ; 1st band basal ; 4th broader than the 2nd and the 3rd. Fore wings with five quadrate more or less elongated luteous spots ; 1st spot near the base ; 2nd larger and a little nearer the base than the 3rd, which is in front ; 4th behind the 5th, which is smaller. Hind wings with a large elongated luteous basal spot, which is notched hindward. Female. Luteous marks somewhat deeper than those of the male ; fore wings with the 2nd luteous spot more oblique ; 4th shorter ; 5th longer. Length of the body 5-5i lines; of the wings 13-14 lines. Nearly allied to S. tenuis. 24. Syntomis egenaria, n. s. Mas. Cupreo-nigra, capita antico luteo, thorace marginibus strigisque duabus obliquis luteis, abdomine fasciis sex luteis, alis anticis guttis duabus basalibus maculisque sex strigaque subcostali luteis maculis 5° et 6° fusco interlineatis, posticis luteis brevissimis litura subcostali margineque fuscis. Male. Cupreous black. Head luteous in front. Thorax luteous-bor- dered in front and behind, and with an oblique luteous streak on each side. Abdomen with six luteous bands, of which the 4th is broader than the others. Fore wings with two luteous basal dots and with six large luteous spots; 1st and 2nd spots near the base; 1st much broader than the 2nd, accomi)anied by a subcostal luteous streak ; 3rd about half the length of the 4th, which is hindward and oblique ; 5th and 6th each divided by a brown vein. Hind wings luteous, very short, with a brown subcostal mark and with a brown marginal band. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines. Nearly allied to S. tenuis. 25. Syntomis PRODUCENS, n. s. Mas. Atra, facie lutea nigro vittata, antennis angulatis, thorace margine antico guttis quatuor fasciaque postica luteis, abdomine fasciis sex luteis fascia V bis interrupta, alis anticis gutta basali maculisque quatuor elongatis macnlaque exteriore subrotunda luteis, posticis striga basali plagaque interlineata luteis. Male. Deep black. Face luteous, with a black stripe. Antennae di- stinctly angular at abput one-third of the length from the base. Tho- rax luteous-bordered in front, with two luteous dots on each side, and with a slight luteous band hindward. Abdomen with six luteous bands, of which the basal one is broader than the others, and is ob- liquely interrupted on each side. Fore wings with a luteous basal spot and with five large discal spots; 1st and 2nd spots approximate, much elongated ; 3rd about thrice the breadth of the 4th, which is longer and narrower than the 1st and the 2nd; 5th nearly round. Hind wings with a large luteous basal streak which is notched hind- ward, and a luteous patch which is divided by a black line ; the latter widens towards each end. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 20 hnes. Ncarlv allied to S. tenuis. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 89 26. Syntomis decorata, n. s. Foein. Purpureo-nigra, capite aiitico luteo, antennis apice albis, thoracis marginibus vittis duabus himieris abdominisque fasciis septem luteis, pedibus luteo fasciatis, tarsis basi albis, alis limpido areolatis basi luteis, anticis apice purpureo-nigris macula subapicali lutea, posticis minimis. Female. Purplish black. Head luteous ; vertex and palpi black. An- tennae black, pure white towards the tips. Thorax luteous-bordered in front and behind, with two luteous humeral spots and with two luteous stripes. Abdomen with seven luteous bands ; 5th and 6th bands almost connected. Femora and tibiae with luteous bands ; tarsi pm-e white towards the base. Wings with the disks of the areolets limpid, luteous at the base. Fore wings with a luteous subapical spot and with purplish-black tips. Hind wings very small. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. Allied to S.fenesirata. 27. Syntomis DERivATA, n. s. Fcem. Purpurea, antennis apice tho- racis margine antico pectore abdominis macula basali fasciaque albis, alis anticis limpido quinquemaculatis, posticis limpido biraaculatis. Female. Deep purple. Antennae black, with white tips. Thorax pure white in front. Pectus mostly white. Abdomen with a truncate conical pm-e white basal spot, and with a band at two-thirds of the length of the same hue. Fore wings with five large limpid spots ; 1st spot near the base ; 3rd slightly oblique, behind the 2nd ; 5th behind the 4th, which it much exceeds in size. Hind wings with two limpid spots ; the interior spot much larger than the exterior one. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. This species comes between S. Minceus and S. divisa. 28. Syntomis transitiva, n. s. Mas. Purpurea, capitis gutta an- tennis apice thoracis fascia antica interrupta humeris maculisque qua- tuor pectoralibus albis, abdomine fasciis duabus interruptis guttisque quatuor lateralibus albis, tarsis basi albis, alis anticis limpido quinque- maculatis, posticis minimis limpido trimaculatis. Male. Deep purple. Head with a white dot in front. Antennae silvery white towards the tips. Thorax with an interrupted white band on the fore border, and with two humeral white spots. Pectus with two white spots on each side. Abdomen with two interrupted white bands, one at the base, the other at two-thirds of the length, entire beneath, where there are two white dots on each side in front of it. Fore coxaj white beneath ; tarsi white towards the base. Wings cupreous-tinged. Fore wings with five limpid spots; 1st spot subellijjtical, less than half the length of the 2nd, which is hindward and oblique, and has parallel sides; 3rd, 4th, and 5th spots elliptical, smaller than the 1st; 3rd much in front of the 4th and 5th, which are only divided by a black vein. Hind wings very small, with three limpid spots, which occuj)y 90 ME. r. WALKER ON HETEROCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA the whole disk, and are only divided by the black veins. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. This species also comes between S. Minceus and S. divisa. 29. Syntomis iNTERMissA, n. s. Mas. Purpurea, capitis gutta tho- racis fascia antica interrupta humeris pectorisque maculis quatuor albis, antennis apicalibus abdomine fascia basali interrupta fascia pos- teriore guttisque lateralibus albis, tarsis basi albis, alis anticis linipido quinquemaculatis, posticis minimis limpido trimaculatis. Male. Deep purple. Head with a white dot in front. Antennae with silvery-white tips. Thorax with an interrupted white band on the fore border, and with two humeral white spots. Pectus with two white spots on each side. Abdomen with an interrupted white basal band and with an entire white band at two-thirds of the length ; tip bluish ; underside with a row of white dots along each side from the base to the hinder band. Fore coxae white beneath ; tarsi white at the base. Fore wings with five limpid spots ; 1st spot subquadrate, more than half the length of the 2nd, which widens exteriorly and has an oblique exterior side ; 3rd nearly linear, much in front of the 4th and the 5th, which together form a short conical spot. Hind wings very small, with three limpid spots ; 2nd and 3rd spots much smaller than those of the preceding species. Length of the body 6 lines ; of- the wings 15 lines. This is sufficiently different from /S. transitiva to claim a new name ; but there is so much resemblance between the two that they may be termed varieties or nearly allied species, according to the various use of those words. 30. Syntomis separabilis, n. s. Fam. Nigra, capitis gutta an- tennis apice humerisque albis, abdomine macula basali guttis latera- libus fascia dorsali fasciisque ventralibus albis, alis anticis limpido quin- quemaculatis, posticis minimis limpido uniraaculatis. Female. Black. Head with a white dot in front. Antennae white towards the tips. Thorax with two humeral white spots. Abdomen with a subquadrate white basal spot ; a row of white dots along each side, and white bands beneath from the base to a dorsal white band at tv.o-thirds of the length. Fore coxae white beneath. Fore wings with five limpid spots ; 1st spot small, slightly oblong, near the base ; 2nd and 3rd oblong-quadrate; 3rd obhque, a little shorter and broader than the 2nd; 4th elliptical; 5th larger than the 4th, double or divided by a black vein. Hind wings very short, with one very large limpid spot. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. This, though much like S. intermissa, is sufficiently distinct to be called another species. 31. Syntomis divisuka, u. s. Fam. Nigra, fronte humerisque albis, COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 91 abdomine cyaneo, alis anticis maculis quatuor elongatis limpidis, pos- ticis limpidis macula una elongata limpida. Female. Black. Front white. Thorax with two large humeral white spots. Abdomen dark blue. Fore wings with four limpid elongated spots; 1st spot much shorter and more slender than the 2nd, from which it is very narrowly divided ; 2nd slightly obhque ; 3rd elongate- elliptical, a little longer than the 4th, of which a very small part in front is subdivided by a black vein. Hind wings very small, with one large elongated limpid spot. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. This is most allied to S. separabilis, from which it may be distinguished by the absence of the basal spot of the fore wings. 32. Syntomis expandens, n. s. Mas. Cyaneo-purpurea, antennis apice humeris tarsisque basi albis, alis anticis maculis sex contiguis limpidis, posticis minimis macula una elongata limpida. Male. Dark-bluish purple. Antennaj shining white towards the tips. Thorax with two humeral white spots. Tarsi white towards the base. Fore wings with six large elongated limpid spots, five of which are only divided from each other by the black veins ; the 4th is somewhat more widely divided from the others. Hind wings very small, with one large elongated limpid spot, from which a very small basal part is slightly divided by a black vein. In this Syntomis the characters which are common to the five preceding species begin to pass away. 33. Syntomis LONGiPENNis, n. s. Fam. Nigra, humeris albis, pec- tore maculis quatuor albis, abdomine cyaneo-purpureo litura basali maculis quatuor lateralibus fascia posteriore ventreque albis, alis an- ticis limpido quadrimaculatis, posticis limpido bimaculatis. Female. Black. Thorax with two humeral white spots. Pectus with two white spots on each side. Abdomen dark-bluish pui-ple, mostly white beneath, with a large truncate-conical white basal spot, and with four lateral white spots between the latter, and a white band which is a little beyond the middle. Fore wings very long, with four limpid spots; 2nd, 3rd, and 4th spots slightly elongated ; 1st nearly round, much smaller than the others, in front of and between the 2ad and the 4th; 3rd near the costa, beyond the 4th. Hind wings longer than those of the preceding species of this genus, with two limpid spots ; 1st spot, slightly divided by a black vein, larger than the 2nd, which is nearly round. Length of the body / lines; of the wings 20 lines. 34. Syntomis detracta, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, antennis apice albis, abdomine cyancscenti-viridi, alis anticis macula oblonga basali macu- laque e.xteriore magna transversa excavata limpidis, posticis parvis pnncto discali limpido. Female. Black. Antenntc white towards the tips. Abdomen bluish 92 ME. r. WALKEE ON HETEEOCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA green. Fore wiugs with an oblong limpid spot near the base, and with a much larger transverse exterior limpid spot which is excavated in the middle, and especially so on the outer side. Hind wings rather small, with a discal limpid point. Length of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Allied to S. pectoralis and to S. albimacula. 35. Syntomis albiplaga, n. s. Fcem. Cyanea, capite antennis pe- dibus abdominisque fasciis nigris, alis anticis fascia lata abbreviata albo-vitrea. Female. Dark blue. Head, antennae, and legs black. Abdomen with black bands. Fore wings beyond the middle with a broad white vitreous band, which is abbreviated at each end and becomes narrow and conical hindward. Hind wings very small. Length of the body 6 lines J of the wings 12 lines. 36. Syntomis flaviplaga, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, antennis apice albis, abdomine fasciis cyaneis, alis anticis fascia latissima abbreviata flaves- centi-vitrea. Female. Black. Antennae white towards the tips. Abdomen with blue bands. Fore wings beyond the middle with a broad pale-yellowish vitreous band, which is abbreviated at each end, and is a little nar- rower hindward, and is much broader than that of the preceding spe- cies. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 37. Syntomis basifera, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, antennis apice albis, abdomine cyaneo, alis anticis gutta basali oblonga maculaque magna transversa exteriore flavescente vitreis. Female. Black. Antennae shining white towards the tips. Abdomen dark blue. Fore wings with an oblong pale-yellowish vitreous dot near the base, and with a large transverse spot of the same hue at a little beyond the middle. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. G-en. Phauda, Wallc, 38. Phauda tensipennis, n. s. Mas. Laete ochraceo-rufa, facie perobliqua, proboscide palpisque obsoletis, abdomine maculis duabus lateralibus elongatis albidis, alis perangustis cupreo subtinctis, anticis fascia informi nigro-purpurea. Male. Bright orange-red. Vertex prominent; face very oblique, whitish about the mouth. Proboscis and palpi obsolete. Antennae black, stout, very minutely serrated, orange towards the base. Ab- domen linear, keeled above, about thrice the length of the thorax, with a large elongated whitish spot on each side. Legs stout; femora and tibiae compressed, the latter without spurs. Wings slightly cu- preous-tinged, extremely long and narrow. Fore wings with an irre- gular blackish-purple band beyond the middle ; inferior veins from the 1st to the 4th successively more remote from each other. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. Allied to P. flammans and to P. Fortunii. COLLECTED A.T SARAWAK. 93 Fam. LITHOSIIDiE, Stepl. Gen. Ntctemeba, Hilbn. 39. Nyctemera Lacticinia, Cram. Pap. Exot.ii. 47, pi. 128. f. E. (Plia- laena Geometra). Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, and China. 40. Nyctemera latistriga, tValk. Cat. Lep. ii. 397. Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, and Java. 41. Nyctemera Coleta, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. 153, pi. 368. f. H.CPhalaena Geometra). Inhabits also Hindostan, Ceylon, and Java. 42. Nyctemera abraxoides, n. s. Faem. Alba, capite thoraceque luteis nigro maculatis, abdomine guttis lateralibus nigris, alis anticis guttis basalibus nigris vitta postica fascia obliqua albo uniguttata fas- ciaque marginal! lata albo maculata fuscis, posticis fascia marginal! excavata fusca maculam albam includente. Female. White. Head and thorax luteous. Head with a black spot on the vertex, and with another on the face. Palpi at the tips and an- tennae black. Thorax with eight black spots. Abdomen with black dots along each side. Fore wings with black dots at the base, with a brown stripe along the interior border, with an irregular oblique brown band which contains in front a white dot and emits two sti-eaks to the base, and with a broad brown marginal space, the latter containing four white spots of various size ; a white point on the fringe by the interior angle. Hind wings with a brown marginal band, which is much ex- cavated, contains a white spot in front, and emits angles on the fringe. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 20 lines. Nearly allied to N. select a. GreD. EuscHEMA, Hubn. This genus corresponds to the family Hazidae of Guenee, and is included by him in the Geometrites, to which it has some resemblance. 43. Euschema subrepleta. Walk. Cat. Lep. ii. 406. Hazis Bellonaria, Gu6i. Fal. ii. 493, pi. 18. f. 1. Inhabits also Ceylon and Malacca. 44. Euschema Malayana, Gu^r. Voy. Delessert, Hist. Nat. 89, pi. 23. f. 2 (Hazis). Inhabits also Hindostan. 45. Euschema glaucescens, n. s. Mas. Cinerea, capite thora- ceque viridi-fusco fasciatis, abdominis apice subtus ventreque luteis, alis glauco-viridibus, anticis fasciis quatuor deviis strigisque obscure purpureis, posticis apud margines luteis fasciis duabus obscure pur- pureis 2* macular! submarginali. Male. Cinereous. Head with a greenish-brown band on the vertex. 94 MR. r. WALKER ON HETEROCEROUS LEPIDOPTEBA and with a spot of the same hue on the front. Antennae rather broadly pectinated. Thorax with two greenish-brown bands. Pectus and abdomen towards the tip beneath hiteous. Wings glaucous green. Fore wings with four irregular dark-purple bands, which are connected together by streaks, and thus divide the ground hue into spots; 1st band emitting two streaks to the base; 4th marginal. Hind wings luteous along most of the interior and exterior borders, with two dark-purple bands ; 2nd band macular, submarginal. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 28 lines. Allied to E. plena. 46. EuscHEMA RESUMPTA, U.S. Mus. Nigra, capite fasciis duabus fronteque albis, thorace punctis albis, pectore cyaneo plagis albis, ab- domine flavo fasciis nigris subtus albo, alis anticis cupreo-nigris puncto basali fasciisque quatuor macularibus albis aut flavis, posticis flavis strigis exterioribus connexis cupreo-nigris. Male. Black. Head with a white band on the vertex, and another behind ; front white. Antennae very slightly pectinated. Thorax with some white points hindward. Pectus blue, with white patches on each side. Abdomen yellow, white beneath, with black dorsal bands. Fore wings cupreous black, narrow, with a yellow point at the base, and with four macular bands; 1st and 2nd bands yellow, each composed of two spots, which are very much larger in the 2nd band than in the 1st band ; 3rd and 4th bands white ; 3rd composed of a large spot in front and of two smaller elongated spots hindward ; 4th composed of five elongated spots ; exterior border extremely oblique. Hind wings bright yellow, with irregvdar cupreous-black exterior streaks, which are mostly connected at each end, and thus include three large elongated spots. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 22 lines. Most nearly allied to E. flavescens. 47. EuscHEMA TRANSDUCTA, n. s. Mas. Glauco-cincrca, thorace fasciis duabus nigris, pectore luteo, abdomine fasciis cervinis apice luteo, alis purpurascenti-nigro notatis, macula discali maculisque marginalibus maximis, linea exteriore angulosa, anticis strigis duabus basalibus strigaque transversa obliqua, posticis maculis duabus mar- ginalibus luteis. Male. Glaucous cinereous. Antennae moderately pectinated. Thorax with two black bands. Pectus luteous. Abdomen with fawn-coloured bands, luteous at the tip. Wings ample, with purphsh-black mark- ings ; discal spot very large ; exterior line very zigzag ; marginal spots very large, mostly connected in the fore wings. Fore wings with two streaks proceeding from the base, and bounded by an oblique exterior streak ; exterior border less obhque than in most species of the genus. Hind wings with a dot between the discal sj)ot and the interior bor- COLLECTED AT SARAAVAK. 95 der ; a luteons spot at the tip of the costa, and a much larger one by the interior angle. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. Most nearly allied to E. Malayana. 48. EusCHEMA RECESSA, n. s. Mus. Cinereo-glauca, thorace fascia strigisque duabus nigris, abdoniine fasciis nigris apice ventreque luteis, alis purpurascenti-nigro notatis, raaculis diiabus discalibus, linea exte- riore angulosa maculari, maculisque margiualibns elongatis, anticis striga postica interiore liturisque duabus basalibus elongatis. Male. Cinereous glaucous : in structure like the preceding species. An- tennae moderately pectinated. Thorax with a black band in front, and with two black humeral streaks. Abdomen with a black band on the fore border of each segment ; tip and underside luteous. Wings with purplish-black markings ; discal spot very large, nearly round, with a smaller spot between it and the interior border ; exterior line zigzag, macular ; marginal band composed of elongated spots, which are longest in the fore wings. Fore wings with two elongated marks near the base, and with a little streak behind the 2nd discal spot. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 28 lines. Gen. PoMPELox, Walk. 49. Pompelon marginata, Guer. Voy. Delessert, Hist. Nat. 83, pi. 25. f. I (Gynautocera). Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. Gen. Cyclosta, Hiibn. 50. Cyclosia noctipennis, n. s. Ftew. Nigra, capite albo vario, thorace punctis duobus albis, abdomine guttis lateralibus albis, alis patulis albo aut cyaneo punctatis, punctis subtus bene determinatis, strigis marginalibus duplicatis albis. Female. Black. Head white about the eyes, with a white band in front of the antennae, and with a white point on the vertex. An- tenna; very slightly pectinated. Thorax with two humeral white points. Abdomen with white dots along each side, and with a white apical streak on each side. Wings long, very ample, with white or blue points, which are by far the most numerous on the underside ; a row of double marginal white streaks, which diminish successively in length from the tips of the fore wings, and disappear on the exterior border of the hind wings. Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings 40 lines. It closely resembles some species of Euplcea in its markings. 51. Cyclosia pieridoides, Boisd. Herr.-Sch. Lep. Exot. pi. 1. f. 6 (Epyrgis). Var. ? Mas. Cupreo-nigra, subtus alba, capite thora- ceque albo guttatis, abdomine lineis duabus lateralibus et segmen- 96 MR. F. WAL¥EB OS HETEEOCEEOUS LEPIDOPTERA torum marginibus posticis albis, alis cinereo-albis venis nigro margi- natis, anticis nigro quadrimaculatis, posticis nigro unimaculatis. Male. Cupreous black, slender, white beneath. Head and thorax with white dots. Abdomen with a white line along each side, and with a white band on the hind border of each segment. Wings cinereous white, with black stripes along all the veins ; exterior border black. Fore wings with four irregular black spots, two of them subcostal, and two near the interior angle ; costa very convex. Hind wings with a subcostal black spot. Length of the body 9 Unes ; of the wings 30 lines. This species in its wing-markings has a great likeness to the genus Histia. 52. Cyclosia pieroides, n. s. Mas. Nigra, subtus alba, capite thoraceque albo notatis, thorace postico abdomineque glaucescenti- caeruleis, alis albis cseruleo venosis, anticis apud marginem exteriorem nigricantibus, posticis subtus flavescentibus. Male. Black, white beneath. Head and thorax with white marks. Antennae moderately pectinated. Thorax hindward and abdomen pale glaucous blue. Wings white ; veins blue. Fore wings above with the veins broadly bordered with black towards the tips, where the disks of the areolets are speckled with black ; underside hardly striped with black. Hind wings tinged with yellow beneath, where the veins are more black-bordered than on the upper surface. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 22 lines. The resemblance of this species, of C. dissimulata, and of C. ficta, to some species of Pieris is very remarkable. 53. Cyclosia tenebrosa, n. s. Mas. Obscure rufescenti-purpurea, antennis cyaneis subpectinatis, abdomine cyaneo, alis anticis fascia exteriore e strigis lineaque submarginali punctulari albis. Male. Dark reddish purple. Antennae and abdomen metallic blue, the former slightly pectinated. Wings moderately long and broad. Fore wings with an exterior upright band composed of longitudinal white streaks ; a submarginal line of white points, joining the band bv the interior angle ; costa convex ; exterior border straight. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. Allied to C. fuliginosa. 54. Cyclosia dissimulata, n. s. Fcem. Alba, capite antico thora- cisque suturis nigris, antennis cyaneis subpectinatis, alis fascia exte- riore diffusa fascia marginali maculas duas albas includente strigis- que intermediis fuscis, anticis fusco venosis, posticis margine interiore subtus flavo. Female. White. Head in front and sutures of the thorax black. An- tennae metallic blue, very slightly pectinated. Abdomen glaucous blue, white at the base. Wings with an exterior diffuse brown band. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 97 vrhich is connected by streaks along the veins with the brown mar- ginal band, and contains two white spots in front. Fore wings rounded at the tips ; veins more or less bordered with brown ; costa and ex- terior border convex. Hind wings yellow beneath along the interior border. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 22 lines. 55. Cyclosia ficta, n. s. Fcem. Nigricanti-cyanea, oculis albo cinc- tis, abdomine subtus pedibusque albis, alls dimidio exteriore nigro, anticis nigro venosis extus albido strigatis subtus basi nigris, posticis spatio medio flavo basi subtus rufis. Female. Blackish nietalUc blue. Head white about the eyes. Antennae very shghtly pectinated. Abdomen white beneath. Legs white; coxae streaked with blue. Wingi ample, with nearly half the exterior surface black, which occupies much less space on the underside. Fore wings rounded at the tips ; veins slightly bordered with black ; some diffuse whitish streaks in the black part ; underside black at the base; costa convex ; exterior border very slightly excavated hindwai'd. Hind wings slightly truncate at the tips, with the middle part yellow, which. hue is more widely spread on the underside, where the base is red and black-bordered and where the veins are black-bordered; .the underside has also in front two elongated white spots, one of which appears also above, though of a smaller size. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 28 lines. Gen. Chalcosia, HUhn. 56. Chalcosia coLiADOiDES,n.s. Fcem. Cyaneo-alba, capite coccineo antice aurato-viridi, antennis cyaneis vix pcctinatis, thorace C3'aneo vittis quatuor albis margine antico coccineo, alis flavislituris cupreo- nigris cyaneo micantibus, anticis spatio marginal! obscuro fasciam fla- vam dentatam arcuatam antice dilatatam includente macula discali rotunda maculisque duabus elongatis posticis striga subtus basali, posticis linea submarginali maculari. Female. Metallic white. Head crimson, golden green in front. An- tennae metaUic blue, very slightly pectinated. Thorax metallic blue, with four white stripes, crimson in front. Wings with blue reflections on some of the cupreous-black marks. Fore wings with a dark mar- ginal space which contains a dentate curved yellow band, is interrupted by yellow lines along the veins, and is much dilated in front ; a round spot on the fore part of the disk, and two elongated spots hindward ; underside with a broad streak proceeding from the base to nearly half the length. Hind wings with a macular submarginal line which is bent in front, or indicates there the commencement of a second line. Var. 0. Fore wings with the dark space more divided into spots and containing a broader band. Length of the body 9-10 lines; of the wings 24-2G lines. Nearest allied to C. Adalifa. LINN. PEOC. — ZOOLOGY, YOL. TI. 7 98 MB. r. WALKEB ON HETEEOCEBOITS LEPIDOPTERA 57. Chalcosia fragilis, n. s. Foem. Alba, capite thorace et an- tennis cyaneis, thoracis suturis albis, alls lituris nigris purpurascenti- cyaneo micantibus, anticis fasciis duabus latis 1^^ interrupta 2* postice abbreviata fascia marginali antice lata, posticis fascia submai^inali intus excavata. Female. White. Head, thorax, and antennae metallic blue, the latter very slightly pectinated. Thorax with white sutures. Wings with black markings which have purplish-blue reflections. Fore wings with two broad bands ; the first interrupted in the middle or forming two large spots, the second abbreviated hindward ; a marginal band, broadest in front ; costa very convex ; exterior border hardly convex. Hind wings with a submarginal band, which is deeply excavated on the inner side, recedes from the border in front, and is neai'ly marginal in front. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. Gen. Artcanda, Walk. Arycanda is nearly allied to Isbarta and to Pintia. 58. Arycanda hestinoides, n. s. Mas. Cyaneo-nigra, oculis albo cinctis, antennis cyaneis, thorace guttis quinque albis, abdominis segmentonim marginibus posticis ventreque albis, alis areolarura discis schistaceo-albis subtus cyaneis albo maculatis, maculis marginalibus cyaneis, posticis subtus apud marginem interiorem luteis. Male. Bluish black. Head white about the eyes. Palpi ferruginous beneath. Antennae metallic blue, moderately pectinated. Thorax with two white dots on each side and one hindward. Abdominal seg- ments with white hind borders ; underside white. Wings with the disks of the ai-eolets, except towards the tips of the fore wings, slaty white ; this hue is composed of scales ; underside blue, with elongated white spots and with fewer and larger black spots. Fore wings with a row of blue marginal spots. Hind wings luteous along the interior border on the underside. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 26 lines. The wing-markings of this species are nearly similar to those of the genus Hestina. Gen. PiDOETTS, Walk. Leucopsumis, Hubn. Vers. Schm. 177. 69. PiDORUS soRDiDus, n. s. Mas. Saturate cyaneus, subtus albus, alis ferrugineo-nigris viridi tinctis, anticis fascia exteriore inform! al- bida submaculari, posticis albidis cyaneo marginatis. Male. Deep metallic blue, mostly white beneath. Antennae moderately pectinated. Wings ferruginous black, tinged with metallic green. Fore wings with an irregular upright dingy white exterior band, which is almost macular, and is intersected by the brown veins. Hind wings COLLECTED AT SABAWAE. 99 dingy white, except towards the exterior border. Length of the body 6 liues ; of the wings 20 lines. Gen. DiDiNA, n. g. Fam. Corptis gracile. Facies producta. Proboscis et palpi vix con- spicui, AntenncB subpeetinatse. Pedes graciles; tibiae posticae non calearatae. Alee amplae ; anticae apice rotundatae, costa margineque exteriore subconvexis ; posticae abdomen longe superantes. Female. Body slender. Face very prominent. Proboscis and palpi rudimentary. Antennae slightly pectinated. Abdomen with radiating bristles at the tip, which is furnished with a long retractile oviduct. Legs slender ; hind tibiae without spurs. Wings ample. Fore wings rounded at the tips ; costa and exterior border slightly convex, the latter very oblique ; 1st and 2nd inferior veins contiguous at the base ; 3rd much nearer to the 2nd than to the 4th. Hind wings extending much beyond the abdomen. This genus comes between Histia and Pompelon. 60. DiDiNA THECLOiDES, u. s. FcEwi. Ferrugineo-nigra viridi sub- nitens, capite antennis thoraceque antico cyaneis. Female. Ferruginous black, with a dark-green tinge. Head, antennae, and fore part of the thorax metallic blue. Wings of one colour above and beneath. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. Gen. MiLLEBiA, Boisd., Herr-Sch. Laurion, Walk. Cat. Lep. ii. 426. Some species of Chalcosia, as well as the type of the genus Laurion, are included by Herrich-Sch'afFer in Milleria. 61. Milleria bifasciata, n. s. Mas. Nigro-fusca, antennis late pectinatis, thoracis margine antico coccineo, alis sat angustis, anticis fascia exteriore subobliqua pallide lutea. Male. Blackish brown. Antennae broadly pectinated. Fore border of the thorax crimson. Wings rather narrow. Fore wings slightly acuminated, with a broad, pale-luteous, slightly oblique exterior band ; costa convex ; exterior border hardly convex, very oblique. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the vrings 12 lines. This species represents M. gemina. Gen. S0BITL4., Walk. 62. SoRiTiA BiPARTiTA, u. s. Mas. Nigro-viridis, subtus lutea, an- , tennis cyaneis, thoracis margine autico rufo, abdomine luteo, alis an- ticis flavescentibus fasciis deviis e maculis elongatis viridibus, posticis spatio marginali nigro postice attenuato. Male. Blackish metallic green, luteous beneath. Antennae metallic blue, moderately pectinated. Thorax red along the fore border. Ab- 7* 100 MB. r. WALKEE ON HETEEOCEBOTJS LEPIDOPTEEA domen luteous. Fore wings yellowish, narrow, rounded at tbe tips, with numerous elongated dark-green spots which form irregular bands ; costa convex; exterior border very oblique. Hind wings luteous, with a black marginal space which is attenuated hindward. Length of the body 4| lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. Htpsa, SUln. 63. Hypsa Silvandra, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. 155, pi. 369. f. D. (Pha- laena). Inhabits also Hindostan, China, Java and AustraUa. 64. Hypsa Dama, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2. 22. 69 (Noctria). Hypsa lanceolata. Walk. Cat. Lep. vii. 1675. ■ Inhabits also Celebes and New Guinea. 65. H3T)sa egens. Walk. Cat. Iiep. ii. 453. Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. 66. Hypsa Javana, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii. 146, pi. 2/4. f. C. (Pha- Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. 6/. Hypsa privata, n. s. FoEm. Lutea, palpis apice nigris, thorace guttis duabus nigris, abdomine guttis dorsalibus maculisque subtus lateralibus nigris, pedibus albis nigro vittatis, alis anticis cervinis albo- venosis basi luteis nigro guttatis, posticis albis fusco late marginatis. Female. Luteous. Third joint of the palpi black, full half the length of the 2nd. Thorax with a black dot on each side in front. Abdo- men with one row of black dots ; underside with a row of black spots on each side. Legs white, striped with black. Fore wings fawn-colour with some black dots very near the base, which is luteous ; veins white. Hind wings white, with a broad brown marginal band which is attenuated hindward. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. Gen. Caeanusca, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum. Proboscis vix conspicua. Palpi porrecti, caput superantes ; articulus 3"^ longiconicus, 2' triente bre^ior. An- tenna setaceae, vix pubescentes. Thorax Isevis, squamosus. Abdomen conicum, subcarinatum, apice obtusum, alas posticas perpauUo supe- rans. Pedes robusti ; tibiae posticse calcaribus quatuor parvis. Alee spissse, oblongse, discolores; anticse apice rectangulatae, costa recta, margine exteriore subflexo. Male. Body thick. Proboscis rudimentary. Palpi porrect, extending beyond the head, hardly ascending ; 3rd joint elongate-conical, less than one-third of the length of the 2nd. Antennae setaceous, very minutely pubescent. Thorax smooth, with squamous hairs. Ab- COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 101 domen conical, slightly keeled above, extending very little beyond the hind wings, obtuse but hardly tufted at the tip. Legs robust ; hind tibiee with four short spurs. Wings stout, elongate. Fore wings rec- tangular at the tips ; costa straight ; exterior border slightly bent in the middle, its hind part very obhque; 1st and 2nd inferior veins connected for some space ; 3rd very near the 2ud ; 4th remote from the 3rd. Hind wings unlike the fore wings in colour. Allied to Hypsa. 68. Caranusca rubrifera, n. s. Mas. Ferrugineo-fusca, vertice thoracisque disco abdominisque basi rufis, ahs anticis linea obliqua recta cinerea, posticis flavis apice margineque exteriore ferrugineo- fuscis. Male. Ferruginous brown. Vertex red. Thorax with a very broad red stripe. Abdomen red at the base. Fore wings with a cinereous line which proceeds from near the tip of the costa to two-thirds of the length of the interior border. Hind wings bright yellow, fer- ruginous brown towards the tips and along the exterior border ; inte- rior border with a yellowish-cinereous stripe which widens hindward. Length of the body 7 hnes ; of the wings 1 8 lines. Gen. Hypopeepia, Hubn. 69. Hypoprepia cruciata. Mas et Foem. Lateritio-rufa, capite thorace alisque anticis basi nigro pimctatis, abdominis maris apice subtus nigro, alis anticis nonnunquam flavescente variis linea obhqua lineisque duabus transversis strigisque marginaUbus fimbriaque nigri- cantibus, posticis albidis. Male and Female. Brick-red, more rosy beneath. Head, thorax, and base of the fore wings with black points. Proboscis long. Palpi por- rect, short, slender, not extending beyond the front. Antennae of the male minutely setulose. Abdomen whitish rosy, except at the tip. Abdomen of the male black beneath towards the tip. Fore wings occasionally here and there yellowish, with blackish markings, which are broader in the female than in the male, an oblique line which is traversed at right angles by another line, and an exterior curved line which emits streaks to the exterior border ; fringe blackish. Hind wings whitish, with a rosy tinge which is most prevalent along the exterior border. Length of the body 5-6 lines; of the wings 12-18 lines. 70. Hypoprepia rubrigutta, n. s. Mas. Luteo-flava, capitis puncto thoracisque punctis duobus nigris, thorace postico rufo, aUs anticis punctis basalibus nigris fasciisque duabus latissimis connexis strigas coccineas includentibus. Male. Luteous yellow. Head with a black point on the vertex. An- tennae very minutely setulose. Thorax red hindward, with a black point on each shoulder. Abdomen and hind wings pale yellow. 102 ME. F. WALKBE ON HETEEOCEBOUS LEPIDOPTEKA Fore wings with two very broad brown bands, which are connected by a short broad discal stripe, and contain several crimson streaks ; some black points at the base, to which the 1st irregular band emits a streak; 2nd band much broader than the 1st, most irregular along the outer side. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 71. Hypoprepia euprepioides, n. s. Fcem. Testaceo-flava, capitis vitta thoracisque fasciis duabus lateribusque fuscis, alis anticis vittis tribus fasciisque quinque variis fuscis fascia 5® latissima marginal! maculas tres elongatas includente. Female. Testaceous yellow. Head with a brown stripe. Thorax brown along each side, and with two brown bands. Abdomen paler than the thorax, except towards the tip. Fore wings with brown markings, which have a glaucous bloom, and consist of three stripes and five bands; 1st stripe costal ; 3rd emitting streaks to the interior border; 1st band basal; 2nd curved outward; 3rd angular inward, double hindward ; 4th retracted hindward ; 6th very broad, contain- ing three elongated yellow spots. Hind wings paler than the fore wings, with an irregular brown subapical band, which is most distinct on the underside. Length of the body 5| lines; of the wings 15 lines. 72. Hypoprepia divisa, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Testaceo-flava, alis anticis linea brevi costali punctoque basalibus nigricantibus necnon fasciis duabus e Uneis lineaque intermedia transversa undulata nigri- cantibus. Male and Female. Testaceous yellow. Antennae of the male distinctly setulose. Abdomen much paler than the thorax, except towards the tip in the male, where the appendages are large. Fore wings with a short blackish costal line and a blackish point at the base, and with two rows of longitudinal blackish lines ; space between the rows in- cluding an undulating transverse blackish line. Hind wings much paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 11-13 lines. 73. Hypoprepia perpusilla, n. s. Fosm. Roseo-lutescens, alis anticis puncto basali vitta media Uneisque quatuor transversis deviis nigri- cantibus. Female. Pale luteous, tinged with rosy red. Abdomen and hind wings pale testaceous. Fore wings with a black point at the base, and with blackish markings ; these consist of a middle stripe which is traversed by four irregular lines. Length of the body 3 hues ; of the wings 8 lines. This species has some resemblance to Miltochrista miniata. Gen. LiTHOSiA, Fahr. 74. Lithosia entella. Cram, Pap. Exot. iii. 27, pi. 208. f. D. (Pha- Isena Tinea). COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 103 Inhabits also Hindostan. The specimen here recorded is a male, and it diflFers from the Hindostan female in having the 1st band of the fore wings much less dilated interiorly, and in the narrower apical band. 75. LiTHosiA MAGNiFiCA, n. s. Fcum. Aurato-lutea, thorace vittis duabus latis abbreviatis pedibusque cyaneo-viridibus, alis anticis vitta costali macula basali fasciaque media cyaneo-viridibus. Female. Gilded luteous. Antennae black. Thorax with a broad short squamous metallic bluish-green stripe on each side, Legs bluish- green, except towards the base of the femora. Fore wings with bluish- green markings ; a stripe along the eosta, excavated in the middle and extending also along the exterior border ; a spot hindward near the base, and a middle band, which is dilated on the middle of the interior side. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. This species and L. entella form a group in the genus, 76. Lithosia antica. Walk. Cat. hep. ii. 505. Inhabits also Ceylon. 77- Lithosia tetragona, Walk. Cat. hep. ii. 510. Inhabits also Hindostan. The specimen here noticed differs from that of Hindostan in the much shorter quadrate mark on the fore wings. L. signata, from China, be- longs to the same group. 78. Lithosia intacta, n. s. F(e,m. Lutea, crassa, abdomine pallido pilis longis vestito, alis anticis apice rectangulatis, posticis pallidis margiue interiore fimbriato. Female. Luteous, very stout. Tegulse of the thorax slightly furrowed. Abdomen pale, clothed above with long hairs. Fore wings like the thorax in colour, nearly rectangular at the tips ; costa straight. Hind wings much paler, with long hairs along the interior border. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines. Very nearly allied to L. innotata, L. conformis, and L. brevipennis. 79. Lithosia leucanioides, n. s. Fcem. Pallide testacea, thorace maculis tribus nigris, ])edibus supra nigricantibus, alis anticis lineis tribus nigris 1% 2*que bifurcatis. Female. Pale testaceous. Head and fore part of the thorax with a slight luteous tinge. Antennae black. Thorax with a black discal spot and with an elongated black spot on each of the tegulae. Legs blackish above. Fore wings with three black lines; 1st line fur- cate beyond the middle, its fore branch also furcate near the tip; 2nd line furcate at one-thu-d of its length, its fore branch furcate at two-thirds of its length. Hind wings not paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. 80. Lithosia nigricans, n. s. Foem. Nigricans, fronte thoracis marginc antico ventre pedibusque testaceis, alia anticis costa fimbri- aque testaceis. 104 ME. r. WALKER ON HETEBOCEEOXJS LEPIDOPTEBA Female. Blackish. Front, fore border of the thorax, shoulders, abdo- men beneath, and legs testaceous. Fore wings narrow ; costa sti-aight, testaceous ; exterior border hardly oblique ; fringe testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. Allied to L. serva, from which it may be distinguished by its smaller size and by its much darker colour. 81. LiTHOSiA ASPERSA, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Pallide lutea, alis anticis acutis cervino dense conspersis costa extus subconvexa margine ex- teriore subflexo subtus nigricante, posticis pallide testaceis. Male and Female. Pale luteous. Antennae of the male very stout. Tegulae of the thorax furrowed. Abdomen and hind wings pale testaceous, the former long in the male, and with a large apical tuft of bail's. Fore wings thickly speckled with fav\Ta-colour ; costa slightly convex exteriorly ; tips acute ; exterior border straight, very slightly bent in the middle, with a blackish band on the underside. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. 82. LiTHosiA APiCALis, n. s. Mas. Lutea, robusta, capite thoraceque nigricantibus, alis anticis purpurascente suffusis apice saturatioribus. Male. Luteous, robust. Head, palpi, antennae, and thorax blackish. Antennae distinctly setulose. Abdomen with a few long hairs. Fore wings mostly covered with a slight purplish tinge, which hue is deepest about the tips, where its outline is distinctly marked. Length of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 83. LiTHosiA ROTUNDiPENNis, u. s. Fcem. Lutea, robusta, palpis apice pedibusque supra nigris, alis anticis latiusculis acutis vix fal- catis striga subtus marginal! nigricante costa convexa, posticis pallide testaceis. Female. Luteous, robust. Palpi black towards the tips. Abdomen and hind wings pale testaceous. Legs black above. Fore wings rather broad, acute, and almost subfalcate at the tips, with a blackish streak beneath along the fore part of the exterior border ; costa con- vex ; exterior border oblique hindward. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 13 lines. Allied to L. brevipennis, from which it may be distinguished by the fore wings, which are broader, and have a convex costa, a much less oblique exterior border, and a blackish streak beneath. 84. LiTHOSiA NODicoRNis, n. s. Mas. Pallide cervina, robusta, capite uscescente, antenni crassis basi incisis, abdominis lateribus subfasciculatis, alis anticis striga marginali nigricante, posticis costa dilatata incrassata fimbriata. Male. Pale fawn-colour, stout. Head and palpi brownish. Antennae robust, compressed, setulose, slightly notched near the base. Abdo- men with slight tufts along each side. Fore wings narrower than those of L. rotundipennis ; costa hardly convex ; tips acute, not sub- COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 105 falcate, a blackish streak beneath along the fore part of the exterior border. Hind wings with the costa dilated and much incrassated, and furnished with a long reflexed fringe. Length of the body 5 Unes ; of the wings 12 lines. 85. LiTHOSiA FASCicuLOSA, n. s. Mas. FiUva, robusta, capite an- tice fusco, antennis basi incrassatis incisis, abdomine longo, alis an- ticis acutis, posticis albidis margine interiore lutescente dense fasci- culato. Male. Tawny, stout. Head in front and palpi brown. Antenna) setu- lose, incrassated, and notched at the base. Abdomen long, extending far beyond the hind wings, clothed with long hairs except towards the tip ; apical tuft of moderate size. Fore wings acute ; costa slightly convex ; exterior border very oblique. Hind wings whitish ; interior border densely tufted with luteous hairs ; costa very much dilated. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. This is nearly allied to the four preceding species, and with them forms a section in the LithosicB, and has some resemblance to Nonagria. 86. LiTHosiA SIMPLEX, n. s. Mas. Pallide lutea, abdomine palUde cinereo valvulis apicalibus ascendentibus, aUs breviusculis, anticis apice subrotundatis. Male. Pale luteous. Antenna) minutely setulose. Abdomen pale cinereous, except towards the tip ; apical valves large, ascending. Wings rather short. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips ; costa slightly convex ; exterior border slightly conyex and oblique. Hind wings much paler. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 12 hues. 87- LiTHOSiA REVERSA, n. s. FcBwi. Lutca, latiuscula, abdomine absque posticis nitentibus fuscescenti-cervinis cupreo subtinctis, alis anticis breviusculis. Female. Luteous. Body rather broad and flat. Abdomen and hind wings shining, brownish fawn-colom*, with a slight cupreous tinge ; tip of the abdomen testaceous. "Wings short. Fore wings nearly rectangular at the tips ; costa very slightly convex. Hind wings with a testaceous fringe. Length of the body 2f lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 88. LiTHOSiA MURIC01.0R, n. s. Foem. Murina, vertice corpore subtus pedibusque pallide testaceis, alis anticis apice subrotundatis costa fimbriaque testaceis. Female. Mouse-colour. Vertex, underside, and legs pale testaceous. Wings rather short. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips; costa testaceous, nearly straight; exterior border slightly oblique; fringe testaceous. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 106 MB. F. WALKEE ON HETEKOCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA 89. LiTHOSiA FULIGINOSA, D. s. Mus. Fusca, antennis submonili- formibus, abdomine absque posticis cinereis, alls anticis apice rec- ' tangulatis fimbria cinerea. Male. Brown, more cinereous beneath. Antennae submoniliform, di- stinctly setulose. Abdomen cinereous ; apical tuft rather large, diver- gent. Fore wings rectangular at the tips ; costa almost straight ; exterior border slightly oblique; fringe cinereous. Hind wings cinereous ; fringe paler. Length of the body 3 hues ; of the wings 8 lines. 90. LiTHOSiA NEBULOSA, n. s. Mtts. Testacea, sat robusta, thoracis tegulis sulcatis, alis anticis apice subrotundatis fascia exteriore diffusa angulata strigisque submarginalibus cervinis. Male. Testaceous, rather stout. Antennse minutely setulose. Tegulae of the thorax fuiTOwed. Abdomen whitish, except at the tip, which is furnished with large tufted appendages. Wings rather narrow. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, with a diffuse deeply angular fawn-coloured band beyond the middle, and with more exterior streaks of the same hue ; costa straight ; exterior border rather obUque. Hind wings very much paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 91. LiTHOSiA HYPOPREPioiDES, n. s. FcBwi. Tcstacca, thoracc fascia maculari nigricante, aUs lineis duabus transversis undulatis strigisque exterioribus nigricantibus, anticis gutta discali linea transversa inte- riore maculisque quatuor elongatis basalibus nigric^atibus. Female. Testaceous. Head and fore part of the thorax somewhat luteous, the latter with a macular blackish band. Wings elongate, with blackish markings. Middle and exterior hues undulating, the latter emitting streaks along the veins to the blackish exterior border. Fore wings hardlv acute, with a basal costal line, and with four elon- gated basal marks, which are bounded by a very deejjly curved inte- rior line ; a dot between the middle line and the exterior line, the latter forming a deep outward angle. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 92. LiTHOSiA SYNTOMioiDES, u. s. Mas. Fusca, subtus flavescens, antennis pubescentibus subcontortis, thoi'ace vittis quatuor flavescen- tibus, abdominis fasciculo cervino, alis anticis macula basali macu- lisque sex discalibus elongatis flavescentibus, posticis flavescentibus fusco late niarginatis costa dilatata incrassata fimbriata. Male. Brown, pale buff beneath. Head pale buff, Antennse thickly pubescent, slightly contorted at somewhat before one-fourth of the length. Thorax with four pale-buff stripes. Abdomen with a fawn- coloured apical tuft. Fore wings with a buff basal spot and with six more or less elongated discal spots ; 3rd diseal spot broader than the 1st and 2nd, much shorter than the 4th, which is lanceolate COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 107 and oblique; 5th subcostal, not onc-tbird of the breadth of the 6th. IJind wings buff, with a very broad brown boi-der ; costa much dilated and incrassated, furnished be neath with a long recumbent fringe ; underside with a brown transverse streak, which is somewhat darker than the border. Length of the body 3|^ lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 93. LiTHOsiA XYLINOIDES, u. s. Mus. Cincrca, capite thoraceque fuscescenti-cinereis, alls albido fimbriatis, anticis acutis fusco con- spersis fascia nigricante indistincta informi flexa lituraque discali nigra, posticis extus fuscescentibus. Var. Capite thoraceque magis fuscescentibus, alis anticis fusco saturatioribus fascia fusca distincta htura costali nigra nulla. Male. Cinereous. Head and thorax pale-brownish cinereous. An- tennae minutely setulose. Abdomen extending beyond the hind wings, with an elongated compact apical tuft. Wings with a whitish fringe. Fore wings acute, ii-regularly brown-speckled, with an indistinct irre- gular bent blackish band, which forms a very distinct elongated black spot on the costa; costa and exterior border straight, the latter mode- rately oblique. Hind wings diffusedly bi'ownish exteriorly. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 1 1 lines. Var. Head and thorax more brownish. Fore wings much more speckled with brown ; the band brown, more complete, not black on the costa. Hind wings wholly brown, excepting the cinereous fringe. 94. LiTHosiA TORTRicoiDES, n. s. Foem. Pallide testaceo-cinerea, thorace et abdomine pallidissime murinis, alis anticis acutis fusco pallido subnebulosis, margine exteriore vix flexo. Masl Testacea, alis brevioribus, anticis non nebulosis litura costali oblongo-qua- drata obscure fusca litura apicali fuscescente venis costali et sub- costal! coutiguis hac subtus fimbriata. Female. Pale-testaceous cinereous. Thorax, except the sides and ab- domen above, very pale mouse-colour, the latter hardly extending beyond the hind wings. Hind tibiae with very short spurs. Wings elongate. Fore wings acute, partly and indistinctly clouded with pale brown ; costa hardly convex, with a darker distinct brown mark at a little beyond the middle ; exterior border hardly bent in the middle. Hind wings much paler than the fore wings. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. Malei Testaceous. Palpi black towards the tips. Antenna; minutely setulose. Wings shorter than those of the female. Fore wings not clouded, but with a well-defined elongate quadrate dark-brown middle costal mark, and with a diffuse paler brovvn apical costal mark ; costa dilated towards the base ; costal vein and subcostal vein contiguous for some space, the former with a reversed fringe towards the base ; discal areolet enlarged. Length of the body 4h lines; of the wings 11 lines. 108 MR. r. WALKER ON HETEE0CER0U8 LEPIDOPTERA 95. LiTHOSiA DiscALis, n. s. Mas. Testacea, antennis subsetulosis, abdominis fascicule apicali compresso, alis anticis vix acutis litura dis- cali gibba nigricante fasciculata. Male. Testaceous, rather flat. Antennae minutely setulose. Abdomen with a compressed apical tuft. Fore wings hardly acute, with a gib- bous blackish tufted mark on the discal areolet, which is concave be- neath ; costa hardly convex ; exterior border very oblique. Hind wings paler. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 8 lines. G-en. Blavia, n. g. Mas. Corpus gracile. Proboscis subobsoleta. Palpi brevissimi. An- tenncB breviusculse, setulosse. Abdomen alas posticas vix superans, fasciculo apicali parvo. Pedes graciles ; femora sulcata ; tibiae pos- ticae calcaribus quatuor longiusculis approximatis. Alee elongatae ; anticse apice rectangulatae, costa recta, margine exteriore subobliquo vix convexo. Male. Body slender. Proboscis almost obsolete. Palpi very short. Antennae rather short, distinctly setulose. Abdomen hardly extend- ing beyond the hind wings ; apical tuft small. Legs slender ; femora furrowed ; hind tibiae with four rather long approximate spurs. Wings elongate, moderately broad. Fore wings rectangular at the tips ; costa quite straight ; exterior border hardly convex, slightly oblique ; 2nd superior vein forked near the base ; no 3rd or 4th infe- rior veins. This genus, perhaps, may not belong to the Lithosiidw. 96. Blavia caliginosa, n. s. Mas. Nigro-fusca, subtus cinereo- fusca, alis cinereis margine exteriore fusco. Male. Blackish brown, cinereous brown beneath ; wings cinereous, brown towards the exterior border. Length of the body 3 Unes ; of the wings 8 lines. . GTen. Mantala, n. g. Mas. Corpus sat gracile. Proboscis distincta. Palpi porrecti, obtusi, frontem perpauUo superantes, articulis indistinctis. Antennce se- taceae, compi-essae, subserratae, setulosae, basi robustae. Abdomen alas posticas non superans, fasciculo apicali parvo. Pedes sat validi; tibiae posticae quadricalcaratae. Alee elongatae ; anticae apice rotun- datae, areola discali fimbriata, costa vix convexa, margine exteriore sat obliquo. Male. Body rather slender. Proboscis distinct. Palpi porrect, ob- tuse, extending very little beyond the front ; joints indistinct. An- tennae setaceous, compressed, subserrate, setulose, stout towards the base. Tegulae of the thorax furrowed. Abdomen not extending be- yond the hind wings ; apical tuft small. Legs rather stout ; hind tibiae with four moderately long spurs. Wings elongate, moderately COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 109 broad ; fringe long. Fore wings rounded at the tips, thickly fringed or tufted about the discal areolet ; costa hardly convex ; exterior border rather oblique ; 3rd superior and 4th inferior veins forked. 97. Mantala tineoides, n. s. Mas. Pallide fulva, alis anticis litura costali nigra elongata discum versus diffusa, venis apud areolam dis- calem margineque interiore fimbriatis. Male. Pale tawny. Fore wings with a black elongate costal mark, which extends diffusedly to the disk ; the veins about the latter are furnished with a recumbent fringe, and the interior border is broadly fringed. Hind wings paler. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines. Gen. Teulisna, n. g. Mas. Corpus crassum. Proboscis longiuscula. Palpi brevissimi. Antenna subpubescentes. Abdomen alas posticas pauUo superans, fasciculis lateralibus parvis, fasciculo apicali denso tumido. Pedes graciles ; tibiaj posticae quadricalcaratse. AIcb anticse apice rectangu- latae, costa recta, margine exteriore postico subconcavo, margine interiore extus excavato, angulo interiore producto subfalcato, areola discali subfasciculata. Male. Body thick. Proboscis rather long. Palpi extremely short. Antennae minutely pubescent. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings, with minute tufts along each side, and with a thick tumid apical tuft. Legs slender j hind tibiae with four moderately long spurs. Wings elongate, moderately broad. Fore wings rect- angular at the tips ; costa straight ; exterior border slightly concave hindward; interior border excavated exteriorly; interior angle pro- minent, subfalcate ; discal areolet slightly tufted above ; four inferior veins distinct. Type T. plagiata. 98. Teulisna plagiata, n. s. Mas. Albida, testaceo subtincta, subtus fuscescens, thorace abdomineque apicem versus nigricantibus, alis fuscescente marginatis, anticis nigricante bifasciatis fascia 1 " latis- sima 2" interrupta. Male. Whitish, with a slight testaceous tinge, mostly brownish be- neath. Thorax blackish except in front. Abdomen blackish towards the tip. Wings broadly brownish-bordered. Fore wings with two blackish bands, which do not extend to the costa; 1st band very broad, protuberant on the inner side ; 2nd narrower, in-egular, inter- rupted, not extending to the hind border. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 99. Teulisna chiloides, n. s. F(£m. Cervina, alis anticis (ipud marginem interiorem fuscis fascia exteriore fuscescente dentata an- gulo interiore late fimbriato, posticis testaceis fascia marginali latis- sima fuscescente. Female. Fawn-colour. Antennae slender, hardly pubescent. Abdomen 110 ME. F. WALKEE ON HETEEOCEEOUS LEPIBOPTEEA. not extending beyond the hind wings. Wings with a rather short fringe. Fore wings mostly brown along the interior border, with a less distinct brownish dentate exterior band ; tips acutely rectangular, interior angle with a broad fringe less produced than in the preceding species. Hind wings testaceous, with a very broad brownish mar- ginal band. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. Gen. Tegulata, n. g. Mas. Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis et palpi brevissimi. Antennee subsetulosjE. Thorax tegulis longiusculis. Abdomen alas posticas pauUo su]ierans, fasciculo apicali parvo. Pedes subcompressi ; tibiae posticffi calcaribus quatuor breviusculis. Ales elongatae; anticffi costa basi excavata, apud medium dilatata. Male. Body moderately stout. Proboscis and palpi very short. An- tennae very minutely setulose. Thorax with rather long tegulae. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings ; apical tuft small. Legs bare, slightly compressed; hind tibiae with four rather short spurs. Wings elongate, moderately broad. Fore wings rectangular at the tips; costa excavated towards the base, protuberant in the middle ; exterior border hardly oblique, very slightly bent before the middle ; four superior veins distinct, 2nd forked ; two inferior veins ; submedian vein well developed. 100. Tegulata tumida, n. s. Mas. Cervina, abdomine alisque posticis fusees centi-cinereis, alis anticis apud marginem interiorem nigricantibus costa basali punctoque discali nigris. Male. Fawn-colour; underside, abdomen, and hind wings brownish cinereous. Fore wings a little paler towards the base than elsewhere, blackish along the interior border, black along the excavated part of the costa; discal point black. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. CoECTJEA, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum. Proboscis distincta. Palpi brevissimi. y/w- tenncR setulosae. Thoracis tegulae longae, sulcatae. Abdomen bre- viusculum, fasciculo apicali maximo densissimo. Tibia posticae calca- ribus quatuor breviusculis. Alee latiusculae, vix elongatae; anticae apice subrotundatae, costa basi subexcavata fimbriata, margine ex- teriore recto sat obliquo. Male. Body robust. Proboscis distinct. Palpi extremely short. An- tenna distinctly setulose. Tegulae of the thorax long, furrowed. Abdomen rather short, with an extremely large and thick apical tuft. Legs moderately stout ; hind tibiae with four rather short spurs. Wings rather broad, hardly elongate. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips; costa slightly excavated, and with a recumbent thickly fringed border towards the base ; exterior border straight, rather ob- OOIiliECTED AT SARAWAK. Ill lique ; discal areolet long, nan-ow, with a longitudinal crease ; four superior veins ; two inferior veins. 101. CoRCURA TORTA, n. s. Mas. Ochraceo-cervina, abdomine lutescente fasciculo apicali nigi-icante, alis nnticis costa basali albida nigro bimaculata, posticis pallide luteis. Male. Ochraceous fawn-colour. Abdomen pale luteous ; tuft blackish. Fore wings with the basal lajipet whitish, containing an elongated black spot, and having another black spot at its tip ; space along the exterior border slightly paler than the rest of the wing. Hind wings pale luteous. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines. G-en. Ltclene, Moore. Cyllene, Walk. 102. Lyclene trifascia, n. s. Foem. Albida, nitens, latiuscula, palpis brevissimis articulo 3° distincto, thorace fascia pui-pureo-fusca, abdomine absque posticis subtestaceis, alis anticis apice subrotundatis gutta basah fasciisque tribus purpura scenti-fuscis. Female. Whitish, shining, rather broad. Proboscis moderately lon^ Palpi slender, porrect, not extending beyond the front ; 3rd joint di- stinct. Thorax with a purplish-brown band. Abdomen and hind wings with a slight testaceous tinge. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, with three purplish-brown bands, and with a basal dot of the same hue ; 2nd band nearly interrupted in the middle ; 3rd marginal, interrupted near the tip ; exterior border very oblique. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Allied to L. transversa in structure, but differing much from it in the bands of the fore wings. 103. Lyclene bizonoides, n. s. Foem. Alba, sat lata, palpis sub- arcuatis frontem non superantibus, thorace fascia maculisque duabus ochraceis, ahs anticis maculis tribus basalibus duabus discalibus qua- tuorque marginalibus lineisque tribus ochraceis, posticis subtus apice ochraceis. Female. Wliite, slightly shining, rather broad. Proboscis rather long. Palpi slender, slightly curved, not extending beyond the front. Thorax with an ochraceous band in front, and with an ochraceous spot on each shoulder. Fore wings hardly acute, with ochraceous marks ; three basal spots ; three irregular transverse lines, of which the first and the second are united in front ; two elongated spots be- tween the 2nd and 3rd lines, the hinder one connected with the 3rd line ; four large marginal spots ; fringe ochraceous ; costa convex. Hind wings ochraceous at the tips beneath. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 104. Lyclene diffusa, n. s. Fcem. Alba, palpis porrectis caput non superantibus, tibiis posticis bicalcaratis, alis anticis fere omnino cer- 112 ME. F. WALKEE ON HETEROCEEOTJS LEPIDOPTEEA vinis e maculis confluentibus fimbria cervino guttata, posticis cervino submarginatis. Female. White. Proboscis slender. Palpi porrect, straight, not ex- tending beyond the head. Antennae rather stout. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout; tibiae with two fawn-coloured bands ; hind tibiae with two apical spurs. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips, with confluent fawn-coloured spots, which occupy nearly the whole surface, and extend to the costa and to the interior border, but not to the exterior border; costa slightly convex ; exterior border convex, very oblique ; fringe with fawn-coloured dots. Hind wings slightly bordered with fawn-colour. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 105. Lyclene IMPOSITA, n. s. Mas. Alba, robusta, subtus lutescens, capite fascia viridi-nigra, thorace fasciis tribus nigro-viridibus, abdo- mine lut^scente vittis tribus guttularibus nigricantibus, alis anticis lituris basalibus nigro-viridibus fasciis duabus fuscis 2^ latissima albo interfasciata, posticis lutescentibus. Male. White, stout, pale luteous beneath. Head testaceous, with a greenish -black band between the serrated and ciliated antennae. Thorax with, three macular greenish-black bands. Abdomen pale luteous, with three rows of blackish dots. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips, with two basal greenish-black marks (one on the costa), and with two brown bands ; 1st band interior, much attenuated in front, dilated on the costa ; 2nd extending to the exterior border, occupying much more than one-third of the surface of the wing, and including a diffuse and irregular white band ; costa straight ; exterior border rather oblique; fringe black-speckled. Hind wings pale luteous. Length of the body 4 J lines; of the wings 12 lines. This may prove to be the male of L. trifascia. 106. Lyclene sequens, n. s. Mas. Alba, robusta, palpis porrectis caput non superantibus, capite thoraceque ochraceo notatis, abdomine apicem versus fusco, tibiarum posticarum calcaribus parvis approxi- matis, alis anticis lineis duabus transversis difFusis ochraceis. Male. White, stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi porrect, not extending beyond the head. Antennae setulose. Head and thorax with dull ochraceous marks. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings, brown towards the tip, which is quadrate and thickly tufted. Hind tibiae with four short and approximate spurs. Fore wings acute, with diffuse and irregular dull ochraceous transverse lines ; these are partly macular ; costa convex, slightly reflexed in the middle ; exterior border very slightly oblique. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. This species much resembles L. bizonoides, but the markings are rather different. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 113 107. Lyclene cuneifeha, n. s. Mas. Pallide lutea, crass.i, palpis brcvissirnis, thorace guttis quatuor nii^ricantibus, abdominis dimidio apicali nigro-fusno, alls anticis guttis basalibus linea 1" undulata anticc furcata linea 2" valde serpentina guttisque submarginalibus fuscis. Male. Pale luteous, very robust. Palpi extremely short. Antenna; setulose, rather short. Thorax with two blackish dots on each side. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings ; apical half blackish brown ; tip quadrate, tufted. Legs hardly stout ; hind tibiae very slightly curved, with four moderately long spurs. Fore wings with brown markings ; two basal points ; interior line deeply undulating, forked in front, with two subcostal streaks near its outer branch; exterior line very oblique, most deeply winding ; a row of submargiual dots, of which the hindward are elongated; costa convex, slightly reflexed in the middle ; exterior border convex, rather oblique. Hind wings much paler. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. This species and the following one are nearly allied to L. undulosa. ipS. Lyclene cuneigera, n. s. Mas. Palhde lutea, robusta, palpis caput vix superantibus articulo 3" minimo, abdomine fascia latissima nigro-fusca, alis anticis guttis basalibus lineis tribus variis lineaque sub- marginali valde serpentina nigricautibus, posticis fuscescenti-cinereis. Male. Pale luteous, robust. Palpi extending very little beyond the head ; 3rd joint extremely minute. Antenna; setulose. Thorax with a black point on each shoulder. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings, blackish brown except towards the base and at the tip, which is quadrate and furnished with two large valves. Fore wings with blackish markings ; seven dots near the base ; two oblique lines before the middle; the 1st macular, abruptly retracted towards the costa; the 2nd emitting a subcostal streak by which it is con- nected with the exterior line, the latter resembling the line of the preceding species, except that its windings are less equal in length ; submarginal dots like those of the preceding species ; fringe brownish costa hardly convex ; tip rounded. Hind wings brownish cinereous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 109. Lyclene distributa, n. s. Mas. Luteo-flava, sat robusta, palpis porrectis caput vix superantibus, abdominis fasciculo apicali sat magno, alis anticis strigis basalibus lineis duabus parallelis a striga connexis antice fuvcatis strigisque quinque marginalibus fuscis, posticis fascia submarginali fusca. Male. Luteous yellow, moderately stout. Palpi porrect, slender, hardly extending beyond the head. Antennas vei-y minutely setulose. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings; apical tuft rather large. Fore wings with brown markings ; four small basal streaks ; two broad parallel lines, which arc forked in front, and are imited by an oblique hinder line, the outer one emitting five streaks to the exterior LINN. PEOC— ZOOLOGY, VOL. TI. 8 114 MR. r. WALKEE ON nETEEOCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA border, which is very oblique ; costa shghtly convex. Hind wings paler, with a brown submarginal band. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 110. Lyclene vagilinea, n. s. Mas. Alba, capite thoraceque nigro guttatis, palpis porrectis, alis anticis lineis tribus strigis duabus basalibus una discali quatuorque submarginalibus nigro-fuscis. Male. Pure white. Head with a blackish point on the vertex, and another on the front. Palpi porrect, not extending beyond the head. Antennse very minutely setulose. Thorax with two black dots on each side. Abdomen extending very little beyond the hind wings, quadrate and tufted at the tip. Tarsi with black tips ; fore tibia; with a black band ; hind tibiae with four short spurs. Fore wings with blackish-brown markings, slightly acute ; two basal, one discal, and four submarginal streaks ; interior line curved outward ; middle line undulating, connected in the disk with the interior line ; exterior line much more deeply bent, connected with the middle line on the costa and approaching it in the hinder curve ; costa hardly convex ; exterior border very oblique. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wjngs 8 lines. 111. Lyclene turbida, n. s. Mas. Cinereo-cervina, crassa, palpis porrectis gracillimis, abdomine conico, alis anticis fuscescente con- spersis apice subrotundatis, posticis cinerasccntibus. Male. Cinereous fawn-colour, robust. Head and thorax broad. Palpi porrect, veiy slender, not extending beyond the head. Antennae minutely setulose. Abdomen conical, extending a little beyond the hind wings ; apical tuft small. Legs bare ; hind tibia; with four long spurs. Four wings thickly but minutely and indistinctly brownish- speckled ; costa hardly convex ; tips slightly rounded ; exterior border straight, moderately obUque. Hind wings more cinereous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 112. Lyclene CRASSA, n. s. Mas. Cervina, crassa, palpis porrectis lanceolatis, abdomine conico, alis breviusculis latis, anticis fusco bifasciatis, posticis subcinerascentibus. Male. Fawn-colour, robust. Head and thorax very broad. Palpi porrect, lanceolate, hardly extending beyond the head. Antennse very minutely setulose. Abdomen conical, extending a little beyond the hind wings; apical tuft small. Hind tibia; with foiu- long spurs. Wings short and broad. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, with two indistinct diffuse brown bands, one near the base, the other ex- terior, more oblique ; costa convex ; exterior border slightly oblique. Hind wings a little paler and with a cinereous tinge. Length of the body 3i lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 113. Lyclene strigicosta, n. s. Mas. PalUde cervina, sat gracilis, palpis porrectis linearibus articulo 3° obtuso minirao, tibiarum posti- COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 115 carum calcaribus quatuor longissimis, alls anticis puncto basali lituris quatuor costalibus gutta discali strigaque marginali nigiis. Male. Palq fawn-colour, rather slender. Abdomen, hind wings, and middle part of fore wings more cinereous. Palpi porrect, linear, ex- tending a httle beyond the head; 3rd joint obtuse, very minute. Antenna; short, stout, setulose. Abdomen extending very little beyond the hind wings ; apical tuft very small. Hind tibiae with four very long spurs. Wings moderately broad. Fore wings acute, with a black basal point, and with four black shaded costal marks, of which the third emits an oblique streak to the iiTCgular black discal dot ; costa shghtly convex; a short black streak on the very oblique exterior border ; fringe with a black line which is interrupted opposite each vein. Length of the body 3 Unes ; of the wings 8 lines. 114. Lyclene tineoides, n. s. Fam. Cinereo-fusca, robusta, capite thoraceque antico jiallide testaceis, palpis lanceolatis subascendentibus, antennis breviusculis, alis anticis angustis rotundatis guttis duabus discahbus nigris strigis apicalibus testaceis. Female. Cinereous brown, stout. Head and fore part of the thorax dull pale testaceous. Palpi lanceolate, slightly ascending, extending very little beyond the head ; 3rd joint elongate. Antennae rather short. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Hind tibiae with foiu- long spurs. Wings elongate, rather narrow. Fore wings rounded at the tips, with testaceous irregular apical streaks ; two black points in a line on the disk, one at one-fourth of the length, the other beyond the middle ; costa liardly convex ; exterior border very oblique. Hind wings and abdomen brownish cinereous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. This species, like some others included under Lyclene, differs much from the tyjiical structure of that genus ; but the separation of it under another generic name may be deferred until some new cognate species are dis- covered. 115. Lyclene BiPUNCTATA, n.s. Mas. Cinerea, crassa, capite fascia cyaneo-nigra, palpis lanceolatis oblique ascendentibus, thorace guttis decern cyaneo-nigris, abdomine e guttis fusccscentibus bivittato, alis anticis guttis basalibus cyaneo-nigris, Utura costali lineisque duabus obliquis subparallclis purpureo-fuscis, posticis pallide flavis. Male. Cinereous, very stout ; nearly allied to L. imposita. Head and thorax very broad, the former bluish black between the antenna;. Palpi straight, lanceolate, obliquely ascending, not near extending to the front ; 3rd joint not more than one-fourth of the length of the 2nd. Antennae setulose. Thorax with ten bluish-black dots. Abdomen pale yellow, tapering, hardly extending beyond the hind wings, with two rows of brownish dots ; apical tuft small. Legs stout ; hind tibiae with four moderately long spurs ; fore femora and fore tibiae mostlv black above ; middle tibiae black towards the tips. Fore wings rounded 8* 116 ME. I". WALKER ON HETEEOCEROXJS LEPIDOPTEBA at the tips, thickly blackish-speckled, with bluish-black basal dots, with a purplish-brown basal costal mark, and with two oblique nearly parallel lines of the same hue ; these are diffuse on the outer side, and the 2nd is bent hindward ; submarginal line and marks on the fringe also purplish brown, the former interrupted and distorted ; costa and exterior border straight, the latter rather oblique. Hind wings pale yellow. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 116, Lyclene VAGIGUTTA, n. s. Mas. Pallide testacea, lata, palpis nigris lanceolatis minimis, tibiarum posticarum calcaribus quatuor longissirais, alis anticis apice subrotundatis fasciis quatuor guttularibus nigris. Male. Pale dull testaceous, broad, robust. Palpi black, lanceolate, porreet, very small, not extending beyond the head. Antennae minutely setulose. Abdomen extending beyond the hind wings; apical tuft small, smooth. Legs stout; hind tibiai with four very long spurs. Wings moderately broad. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips, with twelve irregular black dots, which form four bands ; costa very slightly convex ; exterior border slightly convex and oblique. Length of the body 3h lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 117. Lyclene ATRiGUTTA, n. s. Fcem. Subcervino-alba, palpis latis subarcuatis articulo 3° subobsoleto, alis elongatis non latis subtus cinereis, alis anticis apice rotundatis atro duodecimguttatis. Female. White, moderately stout, with a very pale fawn-coloured tinge. Front rather prominent. Palpi broad, linear, very slightly curved, extending beyond the head; .'3rd joint almost obsolete. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs slender ; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings elongate, not broad, cinereous beneath. Fore wings rounded at the tips, white about the deep-black dots, and with an irregular angular transverse white line ; six dots on the costa, three on the exterior border, and three on the disk, two of these on the line ; costa straight ; exterior border very oblique. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. Gen. CnuNDANA, n. g. Mas. Corpus sat gracile. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi brevlssimi, gra- cillimi. AntenncB 'breves, glabra;, robusta;, subcompressa;. Abdomen valvulis apicalibus longiusculis. Pedes graciles; tibia; postica; sat valida;, calcaribus quatuor longissimis. Alee anticae apice rectangulata;, margine exteriore postico obliquo; posticas margine exteriore sub- cxcavato. Male. Body rather slender. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi extremely short and slender, not extending in front of the head. Antenna; short, stout, smooth, slightly compressed. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings, furnished with two smoothly i)i1ose rather long apical valves. Legs slender; hind tibias rather stout, with four very long COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 117 spurs. Wings moderately broad. Fore wings rectangular at the tips ; costa straight; exterior border oblique hindward; 2nd inferior vein near the 1st, very remote from the 3rd. Hind wings with the exterior border ver}' slightly excavated in the middle. 118. Chundana LUGUBRis, n. s. Mas. Cinerea, vertice albido, fronte fnsca, alis antieis linea interiore guttulari guttaque submarginali nigri- cantibus, antieis lituris costalibus et fimbrialibus nigricantibus plaga basali vesieulari subhyalina. 3Iale. Cinereous, with a brownish tinge beneath. Vertex whitish ; front dark brown, very oblique. Wings with an interior transverse line of blackish dots, and with a larger blackish dot near the middle of the exterior border. Fore wings with some blackish marks along the costa and on the fringe ; a vesicular* nearly hyaline space near the base, traversed by the 4th inferior vein. Length of the body 2} lines; of the wings 7 lines. Gen. LiGiDiA, n. g. Mas, Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis brevissima. Palpi porrecti, caput superantes ; articulus 2"^ latus, linearis, obtusus ; 3"^ minimus. Antennce breviusculae, subpubescentes. Abdomen fasciculo apicali compresso minimo. Pedes graciles ; tibial posticte calcaribus quatuor longissimis. AIcb anticse apiee rectangulata;, costa recta, margine exteriore convexo. Male. Body moderately stout. Front prominent. Proboscis very short. Palpi porrect, extending somewhat beyond the head; 2nd joint broad linear, obtuse at the tip ; 3rd extremely minute. Antenna; rather short, minutely pubescent. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings ; apical tuft compressed, very small. Legs slender ; hind tibiaj with four very long spurs. Wings moderately broad. Fore wings rect- angular at the tips ; costa straight ; exterior border convex, moderately oblique. This genus perhaps does not belong to the LithosiidcB; it has some resemblance to the Crambidce. 119. LiGiDiADECisissiMAjn.s. Mas. Lateritia, abdomine absque pos- ticis rufescenti-cinereis, alis punctis marginalibus nigris, antieis lituris costalibus lituraque una firabriali nigris. Male. Brick-red. Abdomen and hind wings cinereous, with a slight reddish tinge. Wings with minute black marginal points. Fore wings with some black marks on the exterior part of the costa, and with one black mark on the middle of the fringe. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Gen. PiSARA, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum, squamosum. Proboscis brevissima. Palpi angulati, caput sat superantes; articulus 2"" porrcctus, latisgipaus, 118 'mK. F. WALKEE on HETEEOCEBOUS liEPIDOPTEEA pilosus ; 3^ gracilis, linearis, brevissimus. Antenncs subsetulosa), scapo crasso. Abdomen fasciculo apicali parvo. Pedes robusti ; tibiae posticaj calcaribus quatuor longis. Alw anticse squamosse, scabrse, apice sub- rotundatae. Male. Body stout, squamous. Proboscis very short. Palpi extending rather far beyond the head; 2nd joint porrect, pilose, very broad ; 3rd decumbent, linear, slender, not more than one-fourth of the length of the 2nd, with which it forms an angle. Antennae minutely setulose ; basal joint very stout. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings ; apical tuft small. Legs stout; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings squamous, moderately broad. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips, with some elevated scales on the disk; costa sHghtly convex; exterior border nearly straight, rather oblique. 120. PiSARA OPALINA, n. s. Mtts. Cincrea, opalina, thorace antico fuscescente, ahs basi fuscescentibus squamoso-scabris nigricante lineatis linea P subarcuata 2^ punctulari 3* subundulata linea submarginali fusca recta. Male. Cinereous, shining, with pearly reflections. Head white above. Thorax brownish in front. Wings with the fringe long and full. Fore wings partly and diffusedly brownish near the base ; lines blackish ; interior line shghtly curved outward, rather diffuse ; exterior line also curved, composed of black points ; 3rd line slightly undulating ; submar- ginal line brown, straight, very near the border ; a scabrous line from the base nearly to the middle, formed by three clusters of elevated scales. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. 121. PiSARA? ACONTioiDES, U.S. F(Bm. Alba, abdomine conico, alis anticis dimidio basali antico cinereo-fusco squamis chalybeis linea exteriore subundulata e guttis tumidis chalybeis spatio marginali cinereo-fusco, posticis subcinereis. Female. White. Head wanting. Abdomen conical. Fore wings with the fore half from the base to half the length cinereous brown, adorned with chalybeous spangles ; an exterior slightly undulating line com- posed of chalybeous tumid dots; marginal space cinereous brown. Hind wings slightly cinereous. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 8 Unes. G-en. Etanna, n. g. FoRm. Corpus robustum. Proboscis distincta. Palpi validi, oblique ascendentes, caput sat superantes ; articulus 3"^' linearis, 2° vix brevior. AntenncB robustae. Abdomen alas posticas non superans. Pedes validi ; tibiae posticae quadricalcaratae. Alee non longae; apice subquadratae, costa vix convexa, margine exteriorevix obliquo. Female. Body stout. Proboscis distinct. Palpi stout, obliquely ascending, extending rather far beyond the head; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, nearly as long and as broad as the 2nd. Antennae stout. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 119 Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout ; middle tibiae with two spurs, one of them more than twice the length of the other ; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings moderately broad, not long. Fore wings subquadi'ate at the tips ; costa hai'dly convex ; exterior border hardly oblique ; 3rd inferior vein a little nearer to the 2nd than to the 4th. Type E. basalis. This genus has some resemblance to the Tortricites. 122. Etanna basalis, n. s. Fcem. Albida, viridi tincta, abdomine absque posticis cinereo-albidis, alis anticis dimidio apicali albo plaga basali nigro-fusca spatio apicali viridescente nebulas fuscas strigamque rufescentem latam diffusam lineasque duas transversas albidas nigro marginatas includente. Female. Whitish, tinged with green. Abdomen and hind wings cinereous whitish. Fore wings white for half the length from the base, near which there is a blackish-brown patch ; apical half greenish, partly clouded with brown, containing a broad diffuse reddish streak, and traversed by two whitish black-bordered lines; 1st line much and 'irregularly cmved outward; 2nd zigzag, less distinct, abbreviated at each end. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 123. Etanna erastioides, n. s. FoBm. Cinerea, palporum articulo 3° lanceolato, aUs anticis basi plagaque costali media cervinis spatio marginali fuscescenti-cinereo lineis interiore et exteriore nigris angu- losis spatio adhuc exteriore albido punctis marginalibus nigris po- sticis fuscescenti-einereis. Female. Cinereous. Palpi stout, obliquely ascending ; 3rd joint lan- ceolate, much shorter than the 2nd. Wings with the fringe long and fiUl. Foi'C wings fawn-colour at the base, and with a fawn-coloured patch on the middle of the costa ; space along the exterior border brownish cinereous, this hue much attenuated hindward ; interior and exterior lines black, slender, the latter much more zigzag than the former, and adjoining a more exterior whitish space ; marginal points black, minute. Hind wings brownish cinereous, without markings. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the vnngs 7 lines. 124. Etanna Florida, n. s. Fcem. Cinerea,alis anticis basi cervinis fas- ciaque media informi ; interrupta spatio marginali fuscescenti-cinereo ; lineis interiore et exteriore deviis denticulatis punctisque margir.alibus nigris ; margine exteriore postico obliquo ; alis posticis lituris nuUis. Female. Cinereous, robust. Palpi stout, obliquely ascending; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, much shorter than the 2nd. Fore wings fawn-coloured at the base, and with an interrupted irregular fawn-coloured middle band ; space along the exterior border diffusedly brownish cinereous ; interior and exterior lines black, slight, irregular, denticulated ; marginal points black ; tips rectangular ; hind part of the exterior border oblique. Ilind wings without markings. Length of the body 4a lines; of the wings 11 lines. 120 MR. r. WALKER ON HETEROCEROUS LEPIDOPTERA Gen. BizoNE, Walk. 125. Bizone peroniata, Walk. Cat. Lep. 1st ser. 548. Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. 126. Bizone determinata, n. s. Fosm. Alba, thorace fasciis rufe- scenti-ochraceis, alis elongatis non latis rufescenti-ochracco quadri- fasciatis fasciis 2* et 3^ concisis rectis nigro marginatis giittis duabus discalibus nigris, posticis rufescente subtinctis. Female. White. Thorax with reddish-ochraceous bands. Wings elongate, rather narrow. Fore wings with four reddish-ochraceous bands; 1st band very near the base; 2nd and 3rd concise, straight, upright, broadly bordered with black, the 2nd on the inner side, the 3rd on the outer side; 4th marginal; two black dots in a longitudinal line between the 2nd and 3rd bands. Hind wings with a slight reddish tinge, except near the base and along the interior border. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 16 lines. Nearest to B. Jiamata. 127. Bizone pudens, n. s. Mas. Alba, thorace fasciis tribus mi- niatis, alis anticis miniato quadrifasciatis fasciis 2* furcata 3='que con- nexis striga discali furcata subobliqua, posticis roseo subtinctis. Male. White. Thorax with three red-lead bands. Fore wings with four slender red-lead bands; 1st band near the base, curved inward; 2nd nearly straight ; 3rd forked in front, the outer fork connected with the 4th, which is marginal and is dentate on the inner side ; a furcate slightly oblique discal streak, in front of which the wing is slightly tumid. Hind wings with a slight rosy tinge, which is most prevalent along the exterior border. Length of the body 3| lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 128. Bizone inconclusa, n. s. Mas. Alba, thorace fasciis tribus tegulisque ochraceis, alis anticis ochraceo quadrifasciatis fascia 2^^ stri- gam emittente gutta punctoque discalibus nigris fimbria costali re- flexa ochraceo notata, posticis flavescentc subtinctis. Male. White. Palpi and antennae ochraceous. Thorax with three ochraceoiis bauds ; tegulfc ochraceous. Abdomen with a slight tes- taceous tinge. Legs Avith ochraceous bands. Fore wings with four ochraceous bands; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd angular; 4th marginal, paler ; a black dot between the 2nd and 3rd bands, contiguous to a streak which is emitted by the 2nd band ; an indistinct black point behind the black dot ; a recumbent costal fringe between the 2nd and 3rd bands, marked with ochraceous. Hind wings with a very slight yellowish tinge. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 1 2 lines. 129. Bizone conclusa, n.s. Mas. Alba, thorace fasciis tribus tegu- lisque ochraceis, alis anticis ochraceo quadrifasciatis fascia 2a strigani euiittente 3" subundulata fimbria costali rcflexa ochraceo binotata, posticis subflavescentibus. COLLECTED AT SAEAWAK. 121 Male. White. Palpi and antennae ochraceous. Thorax with three ochraceous bands ; tegulae ochraceous. Abdomen whitish, testaceous towards the tip, which has a large tuft. Legs with ochraceous bands. Fore wings with four ochraceous bands; 1st near the base, rather irregulai- ; 2nd broader, emitting a broad streak to tw o black dots, one of which is behind the other; 3rd band slightly undulating; costa with a recumbent fringe, which extends from the 2nd to beyond the 3rd band, and is marked with ochraceous opposite these bands. Hind wings tinged with pale yellow ; interior border thickly and deeply fringed. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines. This species may be distinguished from the preceding one by its stouter form, the broader and differently formed bands of the fore wings, by the difference in the discal dots, and by the longer costal fringe. 130. BizoNE COSTIFIMBRIA, n. s. Mtts. Alba, thorace fasciis tribus tegulisque ochraceis, alis anticis ochraceo quadrifasciatis fascia 1" stri- gam emittente 2K divisa 3" abbreviata nigro marginata fimbria cos- tali reflexa longa ochracea albo binotata, posticis ochraceo subtinctis. Male. "White. Palpi and antennae ochraceous. Thorax with three ochraceous bands ; tegula; ochraceous. Abdomen ochraceous at the tip. Legs with ochraceous bands. Fore wings with four ochraceous bands ; 1st band near the base, emitting a streak to the 2nd, which consists of two parts ; 1 st part forming a widened continuation of the streak ; 2nd part clothed with long hairs, extending obliquely to the costal fringe ; 3rd band broad, abbreviated in front, blackish-bordered on the outer side; 4th broad, marginal; recumbent costal fringe ochraceous, extending from the 1st to the 4th, with two white bands, of which the 2nd is abbreviated hindward. Hind wings slightly tinged with ochraceous, which hue is most prevalent towards the tips. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 1(5 lines. This differs more from the two preceding species than the latter do from each other ; but the three form a distinct group in the genus. Gen. Chamaita, n. g. 3Ias. Corpus sat gracile, sparse pilosum. Proboscis gi'acilis, longius- cula. Pfl/pi non conspicui. Antennoi subsetulosse, gracillimaj ; arti- cuius basalis robustus, longissimus. Tibia posticai calcaribus qua- tuor brevissimis. Ala oblongsc, subnudac, subhyalinaj, apice rotun- data; ; anticnc costa convexa. Male. Body moderately slender, very thinly clothed. Proboscis slen- der, rather long. Pali)i obsolete, or nearly so. Antennai very mi- nutely setulose, very slender, excepting the basal joint, which is stout and very long. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs moderately stout; hind tibiae with four very short spurs. Wings oblong, almost bare and hyaline, rounded at the tips. Fore wmgs convex along the costa ; exterior border slightly convex, rather 122 ME. r. WALEEE ON HETEEOCEEOTJS lEPIDOPTEEA oblique ; 4th superior vein very far from the others, which are ap- proximate ; Srd inferior vein about twice as far from the 4th as from the 2nd; 2nd a httle nearer to the 1st than to the Srd. Hind wings with one superior vein. This genus has a very peculiar structure ; it has some resemblance to Nu- daria, but its affinities are uncertain. Type C. trichopteroides. 13L Chamaita trichopteroides, n. s. Mas. Cinerea, antennis albidis, alis fere hyalinis vix pubescentibus. Male. Cinereous. Antennae whitish. Wings nearly hyaline, with thin and very short pubescence ; veins pale. Fore wings with the costa pubescent. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 132. Chamaita crassicornis, n. s. Mas. Alba, palpis porrectis brevissimis, antennis robustis subsetulosis basi crassis, alis fere hya- linis vix pubescentibus. Male. White. Palpi porrect, very short. Antennte stout, minutely setulose; basal joint thick, rather long. Abdomen with two long apical valves. Legs stout ; hind tibiae with four rather short spurs. Wings nearly bare and hyaline ; veins white. Length of the body 2-^ lines; of the wings 7 lines. Earn. AECTID^, Leach. Gren. Aectia, ScJirancJc. 133. Arctia strigatula. Walk. Cat. Lep. 1st ser. 613. Gen. Aeeas, Walk. 134. Areas orientaHs, Walk. Cat. Lep. 1st ser. 658. Inhabits also Hindostan and Java. Gen. ISTtiMENES, Walk. This genus has perhaps more affinities with the Drepanulidce and with the Bombycidce than with the Arctiidai, but hardly accords with any of the families of the Bomby cites. 135. NuMENES contrahens, n. s. Mas. Testacea, capite thorace pedibusque anterioribus fuscis, alis anticis vitta postica fasciisque dua- bus fuscis, posticis luteis fascia marginali fusca. Male. Testaceous. Head, thorax, and anterior legs brown, hirsute. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, stout, short, pilose. Antenmc short, very deeply pectinated. Abdomen, hind legs, and hind wings pale luteous. Wings ample. Fore wings slightly acuminated, with a brown stripe along the interior border, and with two brown parallel and nearly upright bands ; 2nd band irregularly double except in front. Hind wings with a brown marginal band, which is irregularly exca- vated in front. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. This is quite distinct from the typical species, N. Siletti, which it much resembles in colom-ing and in markings. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 123 ^G-en. SoAEPONA, n. g. Mas. Corpus robiistum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti, breves, validi, obtusi. AntennoE latissime pectinatae. Abdomen sat depres- sum, alas postieas non superans, fasciculo apicali nuUo. Pedes valicli, breviusculi ; tibiae posticaj quadricalcarata; .Ala latse, elongatae ; an- ticaj subfalcatac, margine exteriore subangukto ; posticae margine ex- teriore postico subexcavato. Male. Body stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, short, stout, obtuse ; 3rd joint small. Antennae very broadly pectinated. Abdo- men rather broad and flat, not extending beyond the hind wings ; no apical tuft. Legs stout, rather short; hind tibiae veith four stout moderately long spin's. Wings broad, elongate. Fore wings subfal- cate ; costa almost straight ; exterior border slightly angular in the middle; 3rd inferior vein more than twice as far from the 4th as from the 2nd. Hind wings with the exterior border slightly excavated hindward. This genus is nearly allied to the preceding one, and also has some re- semblance to the Drepanulidce. 136. ScARPONA ENNOMOIDES, U.S. Mas. Sulphurea, alis anticis fimbria fusca macula marginali cervina, posticis fimbria apud angulum interiorem fusca. Male. Sulphur-yellow. Fore wings with a brown fringe, and with a fawn-coloured marginal spot in front of the angle of the exterior bor- der. Hind wings with the fringe brown towards the interior angle. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. Gen. Spilosoma, StepJi. 137- Spilosoma transiens. Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. 1st ser. 676. Inhabits also Hindostan and Celebes. Gen. Ceeasana, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum, dense vestitum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti, breves, robusti, pilosi. Antenna pectinatae, longiusculae. Abdomen cylindricum, lanuginosum, alas postieas pauUo superans. Pedes breves, pilosi. Alee elongatae, spissaj ; antica; apice obtusae, margine exteriore subflexo. Male. Body thick, densely clothed. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi por- rect, short, stout, pilose. Antennae rather long, moderately pecti- nated. Abdomen cylindrical, lanuginous, extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs short, pilose. Wings elongate, thick. Fore wings somewhat obtuse at the tips ; costa hardly convex ; e.xterior border slightly bent in the middle, very oblique hindward; veins in structiu-e much like those of Spilosoma. 138. Cerasana anceps, n. s. Mas. Pallidissime cervina, capite 124 ME. F, WALKEB ON HETEEOCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA macula guttisque duabus nigrls, thorace maculis tribus anticis nigris, abdomine e maculis nigris bivittato, alls sublineatis, anticis basi nigro guttatis. Mule. Very pale fawn-colour. Head with a black spot above, and with a black dot at the base of each antenna. Palpi black at the base. Thorax with three black dots in front. Abdomen with two rows of black spots, luteous and densely ferruginous towards the tip. Wings with several pale indistinct oblique undulating lines. Fore wings with some black dots at the base and along the basal half of the costa ; exterior border with some brownish dots. Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 26 lines. Gen. Saliocleta, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti, breves, graciles, caput non superantes. Antenna glabrae, longiusculae, sat graciles. Abdomen conicum, alas posticas paullo superans, apicera versus subcompressum. Pedes breves, pilosi ; tibiae posticae quadri- calcaratse. Ala longae ; anticse acutae. Male. Body thick. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, short, slender, not extending bej^ond the head; 3rd joint very minute. Antennae smooth, rather long and slender. Abdomen conical, extending a little beyond the hind wings, slightly compressed towards the tip, which is subquadrate. Legs short, moderately stout ; femora and tibiae clothed with long hairs ; hind tibiae with four stout approximate moderately long spurs. Wings long, moderately broad. Fore wings acute ; costa and exterior border straight, the latter extremely oblique ; veins in structure much like those of Spilosoma. Hind wings with the ex- terior border convex. Allied to Zana. 139. Saliocleta NONAGRioiDES, n.s. Mas. Pallide lignicolor, alis anticis strigis diflfusis pallide rufescentibus, posticis pallide rufes- centibus. Mala. Pale wood-colour. Fore wings diffusedly streaked with pale dull reddish. Hind wings pale reddish, except along the costa. Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings 26 lines. Tarn. LIPAEID^, Stepli. Gen. OEaTiA, OcJis. 140. Orgyia NiGROCROCEA, n. s. Mas. Ochracea, abdomine alisque posticis nigro-fuscis, alis anticis fascia latissima nigro-fusca antice abbreviata. Male. Ochraceous, Abdomen and hind wings blackish brown. Fore wings with a very broad minutely speckled blackish-brown band, which extends to the exterior border hindward, and is diflfuse and abbre- COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 125 viateJ towards the costa; under side blackish brown, with the excep- tion of the costa and the tips. Length of the body 85 lines; of the wings 11 lines. 141. Orgyia nebulosa, n.s, Mas. Ferrugineo-fusca, alis anticis fusco obscuriore nebulosis lineis ,tribus dentatis nigris 2* intus albido marginata linea 4a submarginali e lunulis nigricantibus. Male. Ferruginous brown, cinereous brown beneath. Palpi poiTect, pilose, obtuse. Antennae with very long pubescent branches. Fore wings clouded with darker brown on the disk ; interior, middle, and exterior lines blackish dentate ; the 2nd whitish-bordered on the inner side ; subraarginal line composed of blackish luuules. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 10 lines, 142. Orgyia ossEATA, n.s. Mas, Fusca, alis anticis purpurascente tinctis lineis tribus nigricantibus dcviis cinereo margiuatis linea 4^ submarginali e lunulis nigi-icantibus litura discali obliqua fusco stri- gata venisque subcostalibus albido-cinereis. Mule. Brown, Palpi broad, pilose, obtuse. Antenna? with very long pubescent branches. Fore wings purplish-tinged, with three blackish irregular cinereous-bordered lines ; 4th or submargiual line more di- stinct, composed of blackish lunules ; veins towards the costa whitish cinereous; a large oblique discal mark of the same hue including two interrupted black and brown streaks ; a white streak by the interior angle. Length of the body 4i lines; of the wings 11 lines. 143. Orgyia dimidiata, n.s. Mas. Cinereo-fusca, alis anticis lineis transversis obscurioribus undulatis indistiuctis basi dimidioque costali ochraceis. Male. Cinereous brown. Palpi porrect, obtuse. Antennaj with very long pubescent branches. Fore wings with indistinct darker undula- ting transverse lines ; base and costal half ochraceous ; outline of the latter hue jagged. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 9 lines. 144. Orgyia VARi A, n.s. Mas. Ferrugineo-fusca, alis anticis nigro subconspersis lineis duabus albidis undulatis striga apicali lutescente striga marginali alba, posticis cinereo-fuscis luteo marginatis, Male. Ferruginous brown. Palpi porrect, rather slender, extending somewhat beyond the head. Antenna; short, with very long pubes- cent branches. Fore wings thinly black-speckled, with two whitish lines, of which the 2nd is much more undulating than the 1st ; a pale luteous apical streak, behind which there is a small elongated white mark. Hind wings cinereous brown, with a broad pale luteous mar- ginal band. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. Gen. Artaxa, Walk. 145. Artaxa signiplaga, n. s. Mas. Pallida liitea, thorace postico 126 MB. p. WALKEB ON HETEEOCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA abdomineque basi fuscescentibus, alls anticis fuscis costa lutescente macula atra apud angulum interiorem, posticis albidis. Male. Pale luteous. Antennae very broadly pectinated. Thorax brownish hindward. Abdomen hoary, brownish at the base. Fore wings brown, with the exception of the costa, for almost one-third of the length from the base, and with a deep-black large round spot by the interior angle. Hind wings whitish. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 146. Aktaxa metaleuca, n. s. Mas. Pallidissime cemna, alis an- ticis gutta subapicali nigricante linea submarginali e punctis nigri- cantibus vitta postica lata alba. Male. Very pale fawn-colour. Head and palpi white ; the latter por- rect, with rounded tips ; 3rd joint extremely minute. Fore wings with a blackish dot near the tip of the costa, and with some slight indica- tions of a submarginal blackish line ; a broad white stripe along the interior border. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 147. Artaxa? ruptata, n. s. Mas. Pallide flavescens, alis anticis fusco conspersis, linea exteriore bis interrupta e atomis fuscis disco subtus fusco. Male. Pale yellowish. Palpi decumbent, rather slender. Antennae broadly pectinated. Fore wings thinly brown-speckled ; some of the speckles confluent, and forming an exterior line, which is widely in- terrupted in two parts, and is dilated and most apparent on the costa ; underside brown, with the exception of the exterior and interior borders. Hind wings slightly paler. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. This and the preceding apecies differ somewhat in the structure of the palpi from the typical form of Artaxa. Gen. Lacida, WalTc. 148. Lacida costiplaga, n. s. Mas. Fusca, thoracis lateribus nigricantibus, abdomine cristis nigris, alis anticis plaga strigaque exteriore costalibus nigricantibus lineis exterioribus quatuor angulosis nigris fimbria nigricante notata. Male. Brown. Palpi blackish, extremely broad, densely pilose. An- tennae with very long pubescent branches. Thorax blackish on each side. Abdomen with black crests. Fore wings with a blackish patch, which extends along the costa from the base to a little beyond half the length ; a blackish costal streak nearer the tip ; fom* iiTcgular exterior lines composed of black cuneiform marks ; the 4th submar- ginal, more regular than the others ; fringe with blackish marks. Length of the body 5 lines j of the wings 12 lines. 149. Lacida strigifimbria, n. s. Mas. Fusca, abdomine absque pallide cinereis, alis anticis nigro conspersis fusco bifasciatis nigroque subtrifasciatis fimbria lituris subquadratis fuscis. COLLECTED AT SARAWAK. 127 Male. Brown. Antennae with long pubescent branches. Abdomen, hind wings, and underside pale cinereous. Fore wings black-speckled, with some black marks which form three very irregular and incom- plete bands ; an irregular interior band and a broad marginal space pale cinereous ; fringe with brown subquadrate marks. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 10 Unes. Gen. Melia, Walk. 150. Melia cuneifera, n. s. Mas. Schistaceo-cinerea, capite tho- raccque antico ferrugineis, alis anticis apice rotundatis costa sub- convexa vitta costali ferrugiuca nigro notata striga obliqua lineaque submarginali angulosa nigris. Male. Slaty cinereous. Head and fore part of the thorax femigmous. Palpi porrect, short, lanceolate, rather slender. Antenna? slightly pectinated. Fore wings rounded at the tips ; costa shghtly convex ; a ferruginous stripe with some black marks extending along part of the costa, and emitting an irregular black streak towards the middle of the exterior border ; submarginal line black, slender, deeply and very acutely zigzag, or forming cuneiform marks. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Gen. Amsacta, Walk. 151. Amsacta lithosioides, n. s, Mas. Nigro-fusca, capite tho- race antico pectore ventreque ochraceis, alis elongatis fimbria cinerea, anticis ferrugineo suiFusis. Male. Blackish brown. Head, fore part of the thorax, pectus, abdo- men beneath and at the tip, and legs ochraceous. Palpi porrect, broad, obtuse. Antcnnaj very deeply pectinated. Wings elongate ; fringe mostly pale cinereous. Fore wings with a ferruginous tinge. Length of the body 4 hnes ; of the wings 12 lines. Gen. Naxa, Walk. 152. Naxa textiUs, Walk. Cat. hep. Het. 1st ser. 1743. Inhabits also Hindostan. Gen. Eedoa, Walk. 153. Redoa MicACEA, n. s. Mas. Pallide testacea, subtus alba, capite niveo fascia lata fusca, thoracc antico niveo, alarum squamis mican- tibus pallidis et ochraceis fimbria rufescente. Male. Pale testaceous, white beneath. Head pure white, with a broad brown band between the antenna:. Thorax pure white in front ; hind part and fore wings with numerous pale and ochraceous spangles. Wings with a reddish fringe. Hind wings white in front. Length of body 7 Unes; of the wings 16 lines. 128 MR. F. WALKER ON HETEEOCEROUS LEPIDOPTERA 154. Redoa TRANSiENS, n.s. Mas. Nivea, capita cervino fascia alba, pedibus anticis nigro et ochraceo notatis, alarum squamis albis micaii- tibus fimbria pallidissirae cervina, alls anticis puncto discali nigro costa ochracea. Male. Pure white. Head fawn-colour, with a white band in front. Fore legs with black and ochraceous marks. Wings with glittering white spangles ; fringe with a very pale fawn-coloured tinge. Fore wings with a black point at the tip of the discal areolet ; costa ochra- ceous. Length of the body G lines; of the wings 14 lines. Female! Much smaller, and entirely white with the exception of the black point on tlie fore wings. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. This may be a variety of R. submarginata : it differs from that species in the costa of the fore wings, which is ochraceous along the whole length. 155. Redoa marginalis, n. s. Mas. Nivea, vertice palpisque apice fuscis, alarum squamis micantibus strigis marginalibus cinereis fim- bria obscure cinerea, alis anticis costa apicali cinerea. Male. Pure white. Head, except in front and tips of the palpi, brown. Wings spangled, with shght cinereous streaks along the exterior border ; fringe dark cinereous. Fore wings with a cinereous tinge along the apical part of the costa. Length of the body 5i lines j of the wings 13 lines. 156. Redoa perfecta, n. s. Mas. Nivea, capitis guttis duabus pal- pisque apice nigris, pedibus anterioribus nigro guttatis, alarum squamis albis micantibus. Male. Pure white. Head with a black dot on each side. Palpi with black tips. Anterior legs with black dots. Wings wholly white, with white spangles. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines. Gren. EupROCTis. 157. EuPROCTis FUSiPENNis, n. s. Mas. Alba, corpore subtestaceo, alis anticis oblongis angustis apice subrotundatis vix testaceo tinctis, posticis apice obtusis. Male. White. Body somewhat testaceous, which hue extends slightly over the fore wings. Fore wings narrow, fusiform, slightly rounded at the tips ; exterior border extremely oblique ; interior border with some very long hairs. Hind wings obtuse but hardly truncated at the tips. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. 158. EupROCTis XANTHOMELA, n. s. Mas. Lffite ochracea, abdomine absque posticis nigris, his pallido marginatis, alis anticis nigro sub- conspersis gutta discali atra. Male. Bright ochraceous, paler beneath. AntennjE with very long pubescent branches. Abdomen black, except at the base and at the COLLECTED AT SABAWAK. 129 tip. Fore wings thinly speckled with black ; discal dot deep back. Hind wings black, broadly bordered with pale ochraceous. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines. This species is most allied to E. atomaria. 159. EupROCTis MUNDA, n. s. Mas. Pallidissime cervina, alis anticis angustis apice rotundatis margine exteriore perobliquo margine in- teriore pilis longis penicillatis. Male. Very pale fawn-colour or nankeen-colour. Antennae short, with long pubescent branches. Legs slender, rather thinly clothed with long hairs. Fore wings narrow, rounded at the tips; exterior border extremely oblique ; interior border furnished with long plumose hairs. Length of the body 4i lines; of the wings 12 lines. 160. EuPRocTis DiviSA, n. s. Mas. Cervina, capite antico lutescente, abdomine fusco, fascieulo apicali pedibusque luteis, alis posticis fuscis testaceo -pallido marginatis. Male. Fawn-colour. Head and thorax with long hairs, the former somewhat luteous in front. Antennse very broadly pectinated. Ab- domen brown ; apical tuft and legs luteous. Fore wings somewhat paler along the costa and towards the exterior border. Hind wings brown, bordered with pale testaceous ; interior border densely pilose. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines. ini. EuPROCTis GUTTiSTRiGA, n, s. Mas. Lutescens, abdomine absque posticis fuscis, his pallido marginatis, alis anticis nigro con- spersis lineis duabus abbreviatis guttularibus nigris. Fcem. Capite fusco, thorace antico ochraceo, alis anticis linea interiore obsoleta, alis posticis luteo fimbriatis. Male. Dull luteous. Antennae very broadly pectinated. Abdomen and hind wings brown, the latter with a pale border. Fore wings black-speckled, with two oblique lines which are composed of black dots and are abbreviated in front. Female. Head and antenna; brown, the latter slightly pectinated. Thorax ochraceous in front. Fore wings with the interior line ob- solete. Hind wings with a luteous fringe. Length of the body 5-6 lines; of the wings 14-18 lines. Gen. Cassidia, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi lineares, oblique ascendentes, apice rotundati. Antennce latissime pectinatfc. Aim latae, breves; antica; apice subrotimdatae, costa vix convexa; postica; dilatatae, margine exteriore angulato. Male. Body stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi linear, obliquely ascending, rounded at the tips, not rising to the front. Antennae very broadly pectinated. Wings broad, short. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips ; costa hardly convex ; exterior border slightly LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. YI. 9 130 MR. F. WALKEU OK HETEUOCEBOUS LEPIDOPTEKA convex and oblique. Hind wings produced in the direction of the body, which extends beyond the hind wings ; middle of the exterior border forming a prominent but obtuse angle. This genus is nearly allied to Euproctis, from which it may be clearly distinguished by the form of the hind wings. 162. Cassidia obtusa, n. s, Mas. Subtestaceo-alba, capite palpis- que ochraceis, alis posticis albis margine exteriore subtestaceo. Male. "White, with a slight testaceous tinge. Head and palpi ochra- ceous. Hind wings white, with the exception of a very slight testa- ceous tinge along the exterior border. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines. Gen. CispiA, Walk. Somena, Walk., may be united to this genus. 1()3. Cispia plagiata, Walk. Cat. Lep. 1st ser. 858. The male of C. plagiata, from Nepal, has the fore wings largely varied with yellow, whereas in the male specimen here recorded they are wholly brownish ochraceous, with the exception of the base and a discal spot ; the hind wings also are darker. Inhabits also Hindostan. Gi-en. Dasychika, Huhn. 164. Dasychira apicalis, n. s. Mas. Alba, frontis lateribus nigris, pedibus nigro fasciatis, alis opalinis cinerascente bifasciatis, anticis costa nigro tinctata litura discali nigricante interrupta, posticis gutta discali subtus liturisque apud marginem interiorem nigris. IS'Iale. White. Head with a black line on each side of the front. Ab- domen, extending beyond the hind wings, with a cinereous tinge. Legs with black bands. Wings with opaline lustre ; two indistinct and very diflfuse exterior cinereous bands. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips, with three black marks along the apical part of the costa ; a blackish discal mark divided by the transverse vein of the discal areolet. Hind wings with long hairs ; some black marks along the interior border, and a black discal dot on the under side. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. 165. Dasychira signifera, n. s. Mas. Alba, frontis lateribus ni- gris, alis subopalinis, anticis costa nigro binotata punctis venarum tribus nigris litura discali nigricante interrupta, posticis cinereo bi- fasciatis gutta discali subtus liturisque apud marginem interiorem nigris. Male. White. Head with a black line on each side of the front. Wings with slight opaline lustre. Fore wings rounded at the tips, with two black marks on the apical part of the costa, and with a sUght indication of a cinereous exterior line, which is accompanied by three black points on the veins ; discal black mark divided as in COLLECTED AT SABAWAK. 131 D. apicalis. Hind wings with black marks along the interior border, with a black discal dot on the under side, and with cinereous exterior and submarginal bands ; these are abbreviated in front. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines. This and D. apicalis have a close resemblance to each other, but can hardly be considered as one species. 166. Dasychira longipennis, n. s. Fam. Alba, tarsis anterioribus nigro fasciatis, alis longissimis lunula discali nigricante, anticis nigro conspersis vix lineatis costa convexa margine exteriore perobliquo. Female. White. Anterior tarsi with black bands. Wings very long, with a blackish discal lunule, which is most distinct on the under side. Fore wings minutely black-speckled; the speckles indicating here and there by their confluence three denticulated lines, of which the submarginal one is the most complete ; costa convex ; exterior border extremely oblique. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 28 lines. Gen. Eenolatia, n. g. Mas. Corpus crassum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi breves, graciles, decumbentes. Antennoe brevissimae, latissime pectinatse. Abdomen valde cristatum. Alee anticae apice subrectangulatae, margine exteriore fle.xo. Male. Body thick. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi short, slender, decum- bent. Antennae very short, broadly pectinated. Abdomen highly crested along the whole length, not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs moderately long and stout. Wings ample. Fore wings nearly rectangular at their tips ; costa straight ; extei'ior border bent oppo- site the 1st inferior vein, behind which it is very oblique. This genus seems to be closely allied to Dasychira, but may be distin- guished by the structure of the abdomen and of the fore wings. 167. Ernolatia signata, n. s. Mas. Alba, abdominis crista apiceque lutescentibus, alis subopalinis lineis duabus undulatis diffusis indi- stinctis pallidissime cervinis 1* fusco punctata, posticis margine inte- riore sublanuginoso lituris obscurioribus. Male. White. Abdomen with a pale luteous tinge, which is most pre- valent along the crest and at the tij). Wings slightly opaline, with diffuse indistinct undulating very pale fawn-coloured exterior and submarginal lines, of which the former is accompanied by elongated brown points on the veins. Fore wings with a still more faint fawn- coloured tinge on the disk. Hind wings with a few darker marks on the interior border, which is somewhat lanuginous. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines. Gen. Ltmantria, Hubn. 1G8. Lymaxtria marginalis, n. s. Mas. Alba, abdominis vittis 9* 132 ME. F. WALKER ON HETEROCEEOUS LEPIDOPTEEA duabus tarsis apice tibiisque roseis, alls anticis lituris costalibus nigris guttis apud marginem exteriorem nigricantibus lineis tribus e lunulis fuscis. Male. White. Abdomen with a rosy stripe along each side. Tibiae and tips of the tarsi rosy. Fore wings with black marks at the base and along the cbsta, and with one black mark on the interior border near the base ; exterior border with a row of blackish dots ; three ob- lique rows of brown lunules. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 20 lines. Gren. J AN A, Boisd. 169. Jana pallida. Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. 1st ser. 912. Inhabits also Hindostan and Sumatra. Fam. PSYCHID^, Bruand. Gen, EuMETA, Walk. 170. Eumeta Cramerii, Westw. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1854), 236. pi. 37. f. 4 (Oiketicus). Inhabits also Ceylon. Pam. NOTODONTID^, Steph. Gen. Ceetjea, Schr. 171. Cerura liturata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. 1st ser. 988. Inhabits also Hindostan. Gen. Alimala, n. g. Mas. Corpus robustum. Proboscis distincta. Palpi longi, ascen- dentes, angulati, caput superantes ; articulus 2"* longissimus ; 3"' brevissimus. Antennce subpectinatae, apice setulosae, basi convolutae et dilatatae. Abdomen lineare, alas posticas longissime superans. Pedes robusti ; tibiae posticae densissime fasciculatae. Ala sat parvse ; anticae apice rotundatae, margine exteriore perobliquo. Male. Body stout. Proboscis distinct. Palpi long, vertical, rising to some height above the head ; 2nd joint linear, very long ; 3rd very ^ short, inclined forward and forming an angle with the 2nd. Antennae serrated or slightly pectinated, merely setulose towards the tips, spiral and dilated towards the base, the convolution terminating in a broad knot. Abdomen linear, extending far beyond the hind wings. Legs stout ; hind tibiae most densely tufted with long hairs. Wings some- what small. Fore wings rounded at the tips ; costa straight ; exterior border slightly convex, very oblique. Allied to Pterostoma. COLLECTED AT SAKAAVAK. 133 1/-. Alimala limacodoides, n. s. Mas. Cervina, alls anticis lineis diiabus denticulatis nigricantibus valde iiulistinctis maculis duabus discalibus nigro-cinereis albido marginatis linea submargi- nali cinerea recta obliqua. Male. Fawn-colour. Antennae with the nodosity black. Abdomen, under side, and hind wings cinereous-tinged. Fore wings with blackish denticulated very indistinct interior and exterior lines, be- tween which there are two blackish-cinereous whitish-bordered discal spots, one behind the other ; a distinct, straight, oblique, cinereous, submarginal line. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines. Gren. Caschaea, n. g. Mas. Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi validi, ascen- dentes; articulus 3"^ obtusus, minimus. Antennas late pectinatee, apice crenulatse. Abdomen alas posticas sat superans. Pedes breves, robusti, pilosi. Alee anticae sat latae, apice subrotundatse, margine exteriore subdentato, margine interiore intus dilatato et fimbriato extus excavato. Male. Body rather stout. Proboscis not apparent. Palpi stout, ob- liquely ascending, not extending beyond the head ; 3rd joint obtuse, very minute. Antennae broadly pectinated to three-fourths of the length, crenulated from thence to the tips. Abdomen extending rather far beyond the hind wings. Legs short, stout, pilose. Wings rather broad. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips ; costa straight ; exterior border straight, rather oblique, slightly dentate; interior border dilated and with a long fringe towards the base, excavated ex- teriorly. Hind wings with the exterior border convex, entire. This genus, with regard to the interior border of the fore wings, re- sembles Lophopteryx and Spatalia. 173. Caschara punctifera, n. s. Mas. Rufescenti- cervina, alis anticis flavo-testaceo variis lineis nonnuUis ferrugineis lunulatis paral- lelis linea basali subrecta alba nigricante marginata punctis tribus subcostalibus nigris macula discali flavescenti-alba linea exteriore recta obliqua alba rufescente marginata. Male. Reddish fawn-colour. Abdomen, hind wings, and underside paler. Fore wings varied with yellowish testaceous, which hue is most prevalent exteriorly ; several lunulate parallel ferruginous lines ; a white, nearly straight line near the base, blackish-bordered on the inner side, and having beyond it three black subcostal points ; discal spot yellowish whitish-bordered, with a rectangular notch on its inner si/i 38 lactaria, &« 36 leucophaea, Sm 37 quadriceps, Sm 36 tropica, Sm 37 viatica, S»i 32 yirulens, Sm 38 Formicida3, Leach 32, 36 Fumea • • 158 Gastropacha, Ocks 176 Visbnou, Lefebvre . . . .176 Gaugamela, Walk 138 atrifrons, WaUc 138 Glottulidte, Guen 182 Gunda, Walk 176 ochracea 177 Gymnostylia, Macq 10 luteicornis. Walk 10 Hadena, Treit 191 duplicilinea, Walk 191 Hadenidffi, Guin 190 Haemerosidfe, Guen 196 Heliconinffi 73 Helomyza, Fallen 11 interventa, W^a^^ 11 Helomyzides, Fallen 11 Heterocera collected at Sarawak, Catalogue of 82, 171 Hippoboscidae, Leach 17 Hypoprepia, Hiibn 101 cruciata, Walk. 101 divisa. Walk. 102 euprepioides, Walk 102 perpusilla, Walk 102 rubrigutta, Walk 101 Hypsa, J{ilb7i 100 Dama, Fabr 100 egens, Walk 100 Javana, Cram 100 privata, Walk 100 Silvandra, Cram 100 Ichneumon, Lifin 62 pallidipectu8, Sm 62 Icbneumonidag, Leach 62 Ichthyura, Hilbn 134 dorsalis, Walk 134 Insects, Tuffen West on certain ap- pendages to the feet of .... 26 Insects, Dipterous, collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Gilolo, Ternate, and Ceram, Mr. F. Walker's Ca- talogue of the 4 Insects, Hymenopterous, collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ter- Page nate, and Gilolo, Fred. Smith's Catalogue of the 36 Ischnogaster, Guer 58 aurifrons, Sm 68 Jana, Boisd. 132 pallida, Walk 132 Janassa, Walk 135 cerigoides. Walk 135 Lacida, Walk 126 costiplaga. Walk 126 strigifimbria, Walk 126 Lamprogaster, Macq 12 euperna. Walk 12 Lauxanides, Walk 12 Laphria, Fabr 6, 18, 21 comes. Walk 6 conveniens, Walk 6 flagellata. Walk 6 ostensa. Walk 21 setipes, Walk 6 eocia. Walk 18 tristis, Bol. 6, 21 Vulcanus, Wied 21 Laphrites, Walk 6, 18 Larrada, Sm 56 clu-ysobapta, Sm 66 Larridae, Leach 66 Larva, Dipterous, E. Hart Vinen, Description of a curious form of. 1 Laughrin, W., Observations on the choice of food in the Cod and Ling 165 Leptid;e, Westw. 8 Leptogaster, Meigen . . . . 18, 21 exacta, Walk 18 magnicoUis, Walk 21 Leucania ? abbreviata, 7fa/-t. . . .180 hamifera. Walk 179 roseilinea. Walk 179 simillima. Walk 179 Leucanidfe, Guen 179 Ligidia, Walk 117 decisissima. Walk 117 Limacodidte, Diiponch 143 Limnobia, Meigen 4 euchroma. Walk 4 Lincecum, Gideon. Notice on the habits of the " Agricultural Ant" of Texas 29 Liparidae, Ste'ph 124 Lithosia, Fahr 102 antica. Walk 103 apicalis. Walk 104 aspersa, Walk. 104 discalis. Walk 108 entella. Cram 102 fasciculosa, Walk 105 fuhginosa, Walk 106 hypoprepioides. Walk. . . . 106 intacta, Walk 103 203 Page Lithosia leucanioides, Walk. . . .103 niagnifica, Walk 103 muricolor, Walk 105 nebulosa, Walk. 106 nigricans, Walk 103 nodicornis, Walk 104 reversa, Walk 105 rotundipennis, Walk. . . . 104 simplex, Walk 105 syutoniioides. Walk. . . .106 tetragona, Walk 103 tortricoides, Walk 107 xylinoides, Walk 107 lathosiidfie, Steph 93 Lonchaea, Fallen 12 ?consentanea, W^a/A. ... 12 Lyclene, Moore Ill atrigutta, W^«/^ 116 bipunctata, JfWA; 115 bizonoides. Walk Ill cvmsa,. Walk 114 ciineifera. Walk 113 cuneigera, Walk 113 diffusa. Walk Ill distributa. Walk 113 imposita, W^ff^>t 112 sequens, Walk 112 strigicosta, 7F«/A 114 tineoides, Walk 115 trifascia, Walk Ill turbida, Walk 114 vagigutta. Walk 116 vagilinea, Walk 114 Lymantria, Hi'ibn 131 — — marginalis, Walk 131 Macdonald, J. Dennis, on a new genus of Tunicata, occurring on one of the Bellona Reefs ... 78 Macromeris, St. Farg 65 violacea, St. Farg 55 Mamestra, Ochs 185 prodita. Walk 185 Mantala, Walk 108 tineoides, Walk 100 Masicera, Macq 9 Morio, Dol. 9 Massicyta, Walk 5 cerioides, Walk 5 Megachile, Latr 60 Alecto, S)n 60 aterrima, Sm GO Clotho, Sm 60 — — laboriosa, Sm 60 Lac'hesis, Sm 60 — '- — placida, Sm 60 Megasoma, Boisd 176 basimacula, Walk 176 Melia, Walk 127 cuneifera, Walk 127 Melittia. Hiihv 83 Melittia fasciata, Walk ts3 Mesostenus, Brulle (>3 ■ decoratus, Sm 63 Methoca, Latr 50 thoracica, Sm 50 Milleria, Boisd., Herr.-Sch. . . . 99 bifasciata, Walk 99 Miresa, Walk 143 ortliosioides, Walk 143 Morrhua Tulgaris, T. S. Cobbold on the Eye of 145 Mus Alexandi'inus, Geof. St.-Hil. . 71 Musca,im« 10,20 costalis, Walk 10, 22 obtrusa, Walk 11 \)roTaiitena, Walk. . . .11,20 MuscidiB, Latr 9, 19, 22 Muscides, Walk 10, 20, 22 Mutilla, ieffcA 50 Anthylla, Sm 60 lanthea, Sm 50 Merops, Sm 50 Mutillidte, Leach 50 Mygnimia, Sm 55 cognata, Sm 55 fervida, Sm 55 ichneumoniformis, Sm. . . . 55 Myrmica, Latr 34, 45 fuscipennis, Sm 46 gracillima, Sm 34 insolens, Sm 47 jucunda, Sm 34 (Atta) malefaciens, Buckl. . 29 molesta. Say 45 ■ opaca, Sm 47 pedestris, Sm 46 pertinax, Sm 46 punica, Sm 34 ruficeps, Sm 46 veiator, Sm 47 Myrmicidae, Sm 34, 45 Naprepa, Walk 171 albiceps, Walk. . . . . .172 albicollis, Walk 171 attacoides. Walk 171 Narosa, Walk 171 — — velutina, Walk 171 Naxa, Jf'alk 127 tcxtilis, ^Fa//t 127 Nebrissa, Walk 194 Macula, Walk 194 Nerius, Wied 17 duplicatus, Wied 17 Newton, Alfred, on the Possibility of taking a Zoological Census . 23 Noctuid;e, OuSn 186 Noniia. Latr 59 clavata, Sm 59 inodesta, Sm 59 JJonagria, Ochs 180 U* 204 INDEX. Page Nonagria seticornis, Walk. . . .180 Notodontidae,, Steph 132 Numenes, Walk 122 contrahens, Walk 122 Nyctemera, Hilbii 93 abraxoides, Walk. .... 93 Coleta, Cram 93 Lacticinia, Cram 93 latistriga, Walk 93 Nyssia, Herr.-Sck 143 biguttata, Walk 145 cruda, Walk 144 cupreiplaga, Walk 143 cupreistriga, Walk 143 rubicunda, Walk 144 rudis, Walk 144 rubriplaga, Walk 144 ? retnsta, Walk 144 Obana, Walk 190 pulchrilinea, Walk 190 Odontomachus, Lair 44 rixosas, Sm 44 8jevis8imu8, Sm 44 tyrannicus, Sm 44 Odynerus, Latr 58 — — fallax, Sm 58 maculipennis, Sm 58 Oiketicus 159 Ommatius, 77% 7, 18, 21 inextricatus, Walk 21 noctifer, Walk 8 platymelas, Walk 8 retrahens, Walk 18 Ophion, Fabr 63 unicolor, Sm 63 Orgyia, H. T. Stainton on the Ab- normal Habits of some Females of the Genus 156 Orgyia, Ochs 124 dimidiata, Walk 125 dubia 162 EricEe 161 nebulosa, Walk 125 nigroerocea, Walk 124 osseata, Walk 125 rnpestris 160 Trigotephras 160 varia, Walk 125 Omithomyia, Leach 17 Batchianica, Walk 17 Ortalides, Haliday .... 12, 20, 22 Ortalis, Fallen 15 requifera, Walk 16 coneisivitta, Walk 16 punctifaseia, Walk 15 Orthosidse, Cruen 187 Oxycephala, Macq 22 alienata, Walk 22 Pachymenep, Sauss 58 elegans, Sm 58 Page Panacra, Walk 84 scapularis, Boisd 84 Parasa, Moore 171 humeralis. Walk 171 Pelopa?iis, Latr 56 Bengalensis, Dahlb 56 loetus, Sm 66 Pera Huxleyi, Macd 81 Pergesa, Walk 84 Castor, Boisd. (sp.) .... 84 Phgegorista, Boisd 87 catacoloides. Walk 87 Phauda, Walk 92 tensipennis, Walk 92 Pheidole, Westw 49 megacephala, Sm, 49 Philanthidoe, Bahlh 57 Philanthus, Fabr 57 notatulus, Sm 67 Phusiana, Walk 141 albifrons, Walk 141 Pidorus, Walk 98 sordidus, Walk 98 Pisara, Walk 117 — — ? acontioides, Walk 118 opalina, Walk 118 Platy stoma, Latr 12, 20 pectoralis. Walk 13 potens. Walk 12, 20 Polistes, Latr 58 multipictus, Sm 68 tepidus, Fabr 68 Polyrhachis, Sm 38 Amanus, Sm 41 bicolor, Sm 39 bihamatus, Sm 39 Busiris, Sm 39 Chaonia, Sm 42 Cleophanes, Sm 41 Damocles, Sm 40 Diaphantus, Sm 40 Eurytus, Sm 43 exasperatus, Sm 41 ha status, Jjatr 38 Hippomanes, Sm 43 Lycidas, Sm 43 Merops, Sm 39 Mutilife, Sm 39 Numeria, Sm 42 Olenus, Sm 39 Orsyllus, Sm 39 rufofemoratus, Sm 39 rugifrons, Sm 39 trispinosus, Sm 40 Valerus, Sm 40 Vibidia, Sm 42 Zopyrus, Sm 43 Pompelon, Walk 95 marginata, Guer 95 Pompilid;?, Leach 54 205 Page Pompilus 54 praedator, Sm 54 rufifrous, Sm 54 Ponera, Lafr 44 laeviceps, Sm 44 maligna, Sm 44 mutabilis, Sm 45 nitida, Sm 45 parallels, Sm 44 rugosa, Sm 44 Poneridae, Sm 44 Priocnemis, Sckiodfe 54 confector, Sm 54 Prodenia, Guen 185 reclusa, Walk 185 Prosopis 59 eximiiis, Sm 59 Psilides, IValk 17 Psorospermiae 146 Psyche 159 Psvchid^e, Bruand 132 Ptilocera, Wied 4, 17, 20 quadridentata, Fabr. . 4, 17, 20 Kedoa, Walk 127 marginaUs, Walk 128 micacea, Walk 127 perfects, Walk 128 transiens, Walk 128 Eeeve, Lovell, on the Structure of the Mantle in Testacella . . .153 Rhyncliium, Spin 58 hsemorrhoidale, Fabr. ... 58 rubro-pictum, Sw, 58 Rhyssa, Grav 63 nobilitator, Sm 63 Rutilia, Desv 9, 19 atribasis, Walk 19 excelsa. Walk 19 fervens (var.), Walk. ... 9 — — Lsoides. Walk 9 sapphirina, Walk 9 saturatissima, Walk 9 Sacada, Walk 136 decora, Walk 136 Saliocleta, Walk 124 nonagrioides, Walk. . . . 124 Salter, S. J. A., on the Cranial Cha- racters of the Snake Rat ... 66 Sannina, Walk 82 polchripennis, Walk. ... 82 ruMnis, Walk 82 Sarbena, Walk 137 lignifera. Walk 137 Sajcophaga, Meig 10, 22 • mendax. Walk 10 sericeo-nitens, Bol 22 Sarcophagides, Walk 10, 22 Sargus, Fahr 4 tarsalis. Walk 4 tibialis, Walk 4 Savara, Walk 184 contraria, Walk 184